Question

Effect of 2-amino oleic acid exposure conditions on the inhibition of calcification of glutaraldehyde crosslinked porcine aortic valves.

Answer 1

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It was demonstrated previously 2-amino oleic acid (AOA) used as a bioprosthesis treatment was highly effective in mitigating aortic valve cusp but not aortic wall calcification. An 8-month extraction study was performed to determine the stability of AOA binding. When Tween 80 was used as an extraction medium, cusp and aortic wall retained 12.9 and 48.7%, respectively, of their initial AOA levels.

AOA inhibition of calcification in rat subdermal implants (60 days) was found to be exposure time-dependent with maximum treatment time (120 h), resulting in the lowest calcium levels (20.1 +/- 10.3 and 71.4 +/- 5.4 micrograms/mg of cusp and aortic wall, respectively) as compared with controls (219.1 +/- 6.8 and 104.9 +/- 8.5 micrograms/mg of cusp and aortic wall, respectively).

The significance of AOA binding on BPHV tissue was determined by either blocking or reducing BPHV's (cusp and aortic wall) free aldehyde residues with lysine or NaBH4, respectively, before AOA treatment. For aortic cusps, the AOA contents after 72 h were 98.3 +/- 2.7, 34.2 +/- 3.6, and 54.1 +/- 3.0 nM/mg of tissue for AOA (control), lysine-pretreated (plus AOA) and NaBH4-pretreated (plus AOA) tissues, respectively. However, their calcium levels after 60 days of rat subdermal implant were all comparable (i.e., 48.1 +/- 6.2, 38.2 +/- 9.1, and 47.0 +/- 15.0 micrograms calcium per mg of tissue).

Similar results were observed on BPHV aortic wall. It can thus be concluded that AOA inhibition of BPHV calcification is exposure time-dependent, but the efficacy of AOA for aortic wall is less than that noted for aortic cusps, perhaps because of lower AOA binding and differences in calcium diffusion kinetics.

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