Einstein equation for photo electric emissions is
Answers
Where h = Planck's constant = 6.6261 × 10-34 Js. Since light is bundled up into photons, Einstein theorized that when a photon falls on the surface of a metal, the entire photon's energy is transferred to the electron.
Answer:
Einstein’s Explanation of Photoelectric Effect
Einstein resolved this problem using Planck’s revolutionary idea that light was a particle. The energy carried by each particle of light (called quanta or photon) is dependent on the light’s frequency (ν) as shown:
E = hν
Where h = Planck’s constant = 6.6261 × 10-34 Js.
Since light is bundled up into photons, Einstein theorized that when a photon falls on the surface of a metal, the entire photon’s energy is transferred to the electron.
A part of this energy is used to remove the electron from the metal atom’s grasp and the rest is given to the ejected electron as kinetic energy. Electrons emitted from underneath the metal surface lose some kinetic energy during the collision. But the surface electrons carry all the kinetic energy imparted by the photon and have the maximum kinetic energy.
We can write this mathematically as:
Energy of photon
= energy required to eject an electron (work function) + Maximum kinetic energy of the electron
E = W + KE
hv = W + KE
KE = hv – w
At the threshold frequency, ν0 electrons are just ejected and do not have any kinetic energy. Below this frequency, there is no electron emission. Thus, the energy of a photon with this frequency must be the work function of the metal.
w = hv0
Thus, Maximum kinetic energy equation becomes:
KE = 1/2mv2max=hv–hv0
1/2mv2max=h(v−v0)
Vmax is the maximum kinetic energy of the electron. It is calculated experimentally using the stopping potential. Please read our article on Lenard’s observations to understand this part.
Stopping potential = ev0 = 1/2mv2max
Thus, Einstein explained the Photoelectric effect by using the particle nature of light.