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ADMINISTRATION IN MAURAYAN DYNASTY
The administration of Mauryan dynasty was controlled by the King. The king was the supreme and sovereign authority of the Mauryan Empire Administration. He had the supreme executive, legislative and judicial power and functions in the government.
As the head of the executive, the Mauryan king maintained social order by punishing the guilty. He was responsible for the safety and security of his kingdom. It was his duty to protect the life and property of his subjects. He was to collect report from the spies. He had to plan different campaigns and movements.
It is true that the Mauryan kings enjoyed huge power. But, still there were several limits upon the royal authority. We can summaries these limitations in the following manner:
- Firstly, Mauryan Empire before Ashoka was essentially a Hindu State. According to the Hindu concept, the Supreme Sovereign of the State was Dharma or law and the king was merely its guardian.
- Secondly, the Mauryan king never dared to defy the ancient laws and usage.
- Thirdly, the king was aided and advised by a Mantri Parishad. In ordinary times he could ignore the advice of his ministers. But in times of emergency it was obligatory on him to hear the individual and collective advice of his ministers.
- Fourthly, the Brahmins had great influence over the king and even the later dared not to disobey them. Instead he always had to look for their support.
- Fifthly, as the powers of the Mauryan government was was decentralized in nature, the provincial governor and provincial ministers had right to be consulted by the king especially in all provincial matters.