Question

Elaborate Milikans oil drops experiment?

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Answer 1

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⭕Millikan Oil's drop experiment

↪Millikan's oil drop experiment measured the charge of an electron. Before this experiment, existence of subatomic particles, was not universally accepted.

↪ Millikan's apparatus contained an electric field created between a parallel pair of metal plates, which were held apart by insulating material. Electrically charged oil droplets entered the electric field and were balanced between two plates by altering the field.

↪When the charged drops fell at a constant rate, the gravitational and electric forces on it were equal. Therefore, the charge on the oil drop was calculated using formula. Millikan found that the charge of a single electron was C.

Answer 2

Milkian's oil drop experiment

✅Purpose of the experiment

* In 1909, Robert Milkian and Harvey Fetcher conducted the oil drop experiment to determine the charge of an electron.

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✅The reason Robert Millikan used drops of oil instead of water in his experiment to determine the charge of an electron is that a drop of oil retains its mass at high temperatures.

⭐The experiment entailed observing tiny electrically charged droplets of oil located between two parallel metal surfaces, forming the plates of a capacitor. The plates were oriented horizontally, with one plate above the other. A mist of atomized oil drops was introduced through a small hole in the top plate and was ionized by an x-ray, making them negatively charged.

⭐ First, with zero applied electric field, the velocity of a falling droplet was measured. At terminal velocity, the drag force equals the gravitational force. As both forces depend on the radius in different ways, the radius of the droplet, and therefore the mass and gravitational force, could be determined (using the known density of the oil).

⭐ Next, a voltage inducing an electric field was applied between the plates and adjusted until the drops were suspended in mechanical equilibrium, indicating that the electrical force and the gravitational force were in balance. Using the known electric field, Millikan and Fletcher could determine the charge on the oil droplet.

⭐ By repeating the experiment for many droplets, they confirmed that the charges were all small integer multiples of a certain base value, which was found to be 1.5924(17)×10−19 C, about 0.6% difference from the currently accepted value of 1.602176634×10−19 C.[1][2] They proposed that this was the magnitude of the negative charge of a single electron.