Elaborate the contribution by different psychologists. (5 mrks)
Answers
Soloman Asch
Conformity and impression formation experiments
Albert Bandura
Social-learning theory (modeling); reciprocal determinism; self-efficacy
Erik Erikson
neo-Freudian, humanistic; 8 psychosocial stages of development: theory shows how people evolve through the life span. Each stage is marked by a psychological crisis that involves confronting "Who am I?"
Sigmund Freud
Psychosexual stage theory of personality; stressed importance of unconscious and sexual drive: psychoanalysis; theory of dreaming
Harry Harlow
Attachment studies with infant monkeys
Lawrence Kohlberg
Stage theory of moral development
Abraham Maslow
Hierarchy of needs; self actualization
Stanley Milgram
Obedience studies
Ivan Pavlov
Classical Conditioning- studies of dogs and salivation
Jean Piaget
Stage theory of cognitive development
Carl Rogers
Person (client-)centered therapy; unconditional positive regard
B.F. Skinner
Operant conditioning- reinforcement; invewnted Skinner box
John Watson
Father of Behaviorism; Baby Albert experiment- classically conditioned fear
Wilheim Wundt
Set up first psychological laboratory; theory of structuralism
G. Stanley Hall
American psychologist who opened the first psycology lab in America- "Father of Adolescence" studied the psychological development of children
William James
Founder of functionalism; studied how humans use perception to function in our environment; wrote first psychology textbook - The Principles of Psychology
Herman Ebbinghaus
tested memory and learning habits
Edward Thorndike
human and animal learning - Law of Effect; provided basis for behaviorism
Mary Whiton Calkins
American psychologist who conducted research on memory, personality, and dreams; first woman president of the American Psychological Association
Margaret Floy Washburn
American psychologist who studied animal behavior; first woman to receive a Ph.D. in psychology
Charles Darwin
Founded biological theory saying behavior had evolved as a response to animals' enviroment.
Alfred Binet
created first intelligence test for Parisian school children - created concept of mental age
Albert Ellis
Pioneer in Rational-Emotive Therapy (RET), focuses on altering client's patterns of irrational thinking to reduce maladaptive behavior and emotions