Question

Elaborated the approaches to the study of India civilisation.
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Answer 1

Answer:

Cohn (1971) points out that four broad approaches/directions to understand Indian civilization can be derived from these accounts. They are: Catalogue Approach • Cultural Essence Approach • Cultural Communication Approach • Approaching India as a Type The ensuing sub-sections provide their elaborate account.

Explanation:

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Answer 2

Answer:.  In 1971 Bernard S Cohn points out that four broad approaches that to understand Indian civilization can be derived from these accounts.

They are:

• Catalogue Approach

• Cultural Essence Approach

• Cultural Communication Approach

• Approaching India as a Type

THE CATALOGUE APPROACH

This approach entails recording of what is assumed to be essentially Indian.

a) traits,

b) institutions

c) qualities

The variations and deviations that India may represent are examined in terms of statistical measures of

· mean

· mode.

India and its population reflect diversity which may be explicable in terms of

· geographical differences.,

· ecological differences.,

· regional differences.,

· class differences.

· religious differences.

To emphasis that approach is to list out traits or qualities that are distinctly Indian or contribute to Endianness.

CULTURAL COMMUNICATION APPROACH

Cultural communication is the practice and study of how different cultures communicate within their community by verbal and nonverbal means. Cultural communication can also be referred to as intercultural communication and cross-cultural communication.

Every culture around the world has a unique language. This language is made up of ideals, values, beliefs, traditions, and further attributes that constitute the essence of one's ways of communication.

McKim Marriott (1955) and Robert Redfield (1956) provide a significant basis to understand the unity and interdependence of various parts of a civilizational entity.

Marriott highlights cultural synthesis and interaction between ‘Great Tradition’ and ‘Little Tradition’ while focusing on festivals celebrated in a small north Indian village, Kishangarhi in Uttar Pradesh.

Redfield’s analysis reflects constant interaction and communication between great tradition and little tradition in the form of folk-urban continuum, which stands for symbiotic and interdependent relationship between the two.

The culture in which individuals are socialized influences the way they communicate, and the way individuals communicate can change the culture. Culture provides its members with an implicit knowledge about how to behave in different situations and how to interpret others' behavior in such situations. This emphasis  to view Indian society as a traditional society, which is experiencing processes, such as modernization that illustrate cultural, social and historical principles.

CULTURAL ESSENCE

This approach entails discovery of essential style and process and trait of the society.

Culture is the lifeblood of a vibrant society, expressed in the many ways by: -

· We tell our stories,

· Celebrate festivals,

· remember the past,

· entertain ourselves,

· imagine the future.

· Our creative expression

All this will helps define who we are, and see the world through the eyes of others.

Language is a trait which is one of the most important parts of any culture. It is the way by which: -

• people communicate with one another,

• build relationships,

• create a sense of community. 

ANALYZING INDIAN CIVILIZATION AS A TYPE

This approach is predominantly popular with comparative sociologists. According

to this approach Indian civilization is seen as a distinct type in juxtaposition

with other societies and culture.

It's known for its artistic diversity and plurality. It's beyond the compass of one discipline to capture all the diversity as: -

• They're in every dimension of life,

• In the population,

• In the terrain,

• Terrain,

• Modes of livelihood

• Over all in its societies.

Classifying Indian civilization as a type implies focusing on making Comparisons with other societies and cultures which display similarity rather than examining aspects that are distinct and unique to India’s social structure.