Question

Elastic behaviour of solids class 11 ?

Answer 1

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Elastic Behavior Of Solids – What happens to a rubber band when you stretch it and let go? It deforms but regains its original nature when you stop applying a force. But say, you take an aluminium rod and try to bend it using your arm strength. You somehow do manage to bend it a little and then stop applying force. Does the rod regain its original shape? Of course not.

This difference in behaviour of the material is based on their elastic and plastic nature. The rubber band has high elasticity. Elasticity is the ability of a body to resist any permanent changes to it when stress is applied. the body regains its original shape and size when stress application ceases.

All materials have an elastic limit beyond which, if continuous stress is applied, they will start losing their ability to exhibit perfect elastic behaviour and start deforming. In contrast, plasticity is the non-reversible deformation of solid materials on the application of forces.

Looking at elasticity in the atomic level, solids are made of atoms (or molecules). They are surrounded by other such atoms which are held in a state of equilibrium by interatomic forces. When an external force is applied these particles are displaced, resulting in the deformation of the solid. When the application of the deforming force is stopped, interatomic forces drive the atoms to regain their state of equilibrium.

The concept of elasticity is an idealization as no material is perfectly elastic. For example, if you use a hair tie to groom yourself, you may have noticed that its size tends to deform after prolonged use. After a point, it may snap as well. This is because the hair tie eventually loses its elastic nature.

Important Points on Elastic Behavior Of Solids

An elastic body is one that regains its original shape and size when deforming forces are removed

A plastic body is one that succumbs to deforming forces (however small) and cannot return to its original shape and size

Elasticity is the property of a body to regain its original shape and size when deforming forces are removed. It exhibits an opposition to change.

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Answer 2

Elasticity is the ability of a body to resist a distorting influence or stress and to return to its original size and shape when the stress is removed. Solid objects will deform when forces are applied on them. If the material is elastic, the object will return to its initial shape and size when these forces are removed. To a greater or lesser extent, most solid materials exhibit elastic behaviour, but there is a limit to the magnitude of the force and the accompanying deformation within which elastic recovery is possible for any given material.

This limit, called the elastic limit, is the maximumstress or force per unit area within a solid material that can arise before the onset of permanent deformation. Stresses beyond the elastic limit cause a material to yield or flow. For such materials the elastic limit marks the end of elastic behaviour and the beginning of plastic behaviour.

For most brittle materials, stresses beyond the elastic limit result in fracture with almost no plastic deformation.

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