election process step by step.
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Step 1: Primaries and Caucuses. There are many people who want to be president. ...
Step 2: National Conventions. Each party holds a national convention to finalize the selection of one presidential nominee. ...
Step 3: General Election. ...
Step 4: Electoral College.
Process of Elections in India
1] Marking of constituencies
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Constituencies are areas marked for people to elect their representatives from. In India, each constituency has roughly a similar size of the population, meaning the number of constituencies varies from state to state. This also implies that the number of seats (example, in Lok Sabha) is in proportion to the population of the state.
2] Preparation of Electoral Rolls
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The constituencies have people who vote for their representatives or can even stand for elections themselves. ‘Electoral rolls’ are the lists of voters in one constituency. In India, there is universal franchise by law. Meaning, that every individual, above the age of 18 has a right to vote and choose his representative. And so all their names should appear in their respective electoral rolls.
3] Registration of Political Parties
India allows every eligible person to stand for elections, as long as they have a ‘ticket’. A political party registers for elections and individuals file their nomination papers too. Then, a person each gets a ‘ticket’ from the party they’re representing and he can formally contest the elections. Every party has a symbol which represents them, example BJP has a lotus flower.
4] Political Campaigning
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Each party contesting elections has a particular ideology and set of policies. They need to hold political campaigns for around two weeks in order to publicise them and gather voters. Ideally, they need to do this ethically by convincing voters with good policies and plans. In India, they’re given a particular limit of expenditure, beyond which they can’t spend more money.
5] Voting Day Preparations
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This day is finally when voters vote for their choice of representative in election booths. Earlier, people used to vote by ballot paper, but nowadays, they use EVM (electronic voting machines) by simply pressing a button on their party symbol. The votes are them later counted and the candidate with the majority of the votes wins the election.