Question

Electric field due to an electric dipole at a point on the equatorial line derivation

Answer 1

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Answer 2

The NCERT formula is correct if used with vector notation as the direction of electric dipole moment is from -q(negative charge) to +q(positive charge) and the resultant electric field at any point on equatorial line is in direction opposite to the electric dipole moment so negative sign is used. The other formula which does not include negative sign is applicable to calculate the magnitude(not direction) of electric field.