Electric potential energy possessed by a charge q
placed at the equatorial position of an electric dipole
(P = 2qa) at a distance r from the centre of the dipole is
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Answer:
We resolve the electric dipole into horizontal and vertical components as shown in the figure.
Parallel component of electric field E
∥
=
4πϵ
o
r
3
2pcosθ
Perpendicular of electric field E
⊥
=
4πϵ
o
r
3
psinθ
Potential due to dipole V=−∫
E
∥
.
dr
−∫
E
⊥
.
dr
Second term goes to zero as
E
⊥
is perpendicular to
dr
.
Thus potential due to dipole V=−
4πϵ
o
2pcosθ
∫
r
3
dr
Or V=−
4πϵ
o
2pcosθ
×
(−2)r
2
1
⟹ V=
4πϵ
o
r
2
pcosθ
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