Question

electron configuration for au3+

Answer 1

Au (atomic number = 79) has electronic configuration
79 = 1s²2s²2p⁶3s²3p⁵4s²3d¹⁰4p⁶5s²4d¹⁰5p⁶4f¹⁴5d¹⁰6s¹
Au³⁺ has electronic configuration
Au³⁺ = 1s²2s²2p⁶3s²3p⁵4s²3d¹⁰4p⁶5s²4d¹⁰5p⁶4f¹⁴5d⁸

The electron configuration of an element describes how electrons are distributed in its atomic orbitals. Electron configurations of atoms follow a standard notation in which all electron-containing atomic subshells (with the number of electrons they hold written in superscript) are placed in a sequence.
The three rules that dictate the manner in which electrons are filled in atomic orbitals are:

1.The Aufbau principle: electrons must completely fill the atomic orbitals of a given energy level before occupying an orbital associated with a higher energy level. Electrons occupy orbitals in the increasing order of orbital energy level.
2.Pauli’s exclusion principle: states that no two electrons can have equal values for all four quantum numbers. Consequently, each subshell of an spin)..al can accommodate a maximum of 2 electrons and both these electrons MUST have opposite spins.
3.Hund’s rule of maximum multiplicity: All the subshells in an orbital must be singly occupied before any subshell is doubly occupied. Furthermore, the spin of all the electrons in the singly occupied subshells must be the same (in order to maximize the overall spin)

Answer 2

ANSWER:

Electronic configuration of Au³⁺ : 1s²2s²2p⁶3s²3p⁵4s²3d¹⁰4p⁶5s²4d¹⁰5p⁶4f¹⁴5d⁸

EXPLANATION:

• An element's electron configuration explains how the electrons are dispersed throughout its atomic orbitals.
• Atomic electron configurations are written using a standard notation that arranges all atomic subshells that contain electrons in sequential order.
• There are three principles of filling atomic orbitals.

1. Aufbau Principle: According to the Aufbau principle, electrons will first occupy lower-energy orbitals before moving on to those with higher energies.
2. Pauli Exclusion Principle: According to the Pauli exclusion principle, an orbital can hold a maximum of two electrons with opposite spins.
3. Hund's Principle: According to this theory, every orbital in a specific subshell is initially filled by just one electron before a second electron is added.

• The atomic number of Au is 79
• Electronic configuration of Au: 1s²2s²2p⁶3s²3p⁵4s²3d¹⁰4p⁶5s²4d¹⁰5p⁶4f¹⁴5d¹⁰6s¹
• when an atom loses an electron it acquires a positive charge and that atom is known as Cation.
• Au becomes Au³⁺ cation after losing three electrons. Therefore three electrons are removed from the electronic configuration of Au.

Therefore, the electronic configuration of Au³⁺ is 1s²2s²2p⁶3s²3p⁵4s²3d¹⁰4p⁶5s²4d¹⁰5p⁶4f¹⁴5d⁸.

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