Electrophilic substitution in benzoic acid takes place at m-position
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electrophiles are electron loving species i.e.,they always attack at the region of maximum electron density. if you draw the structure you will find that electrons of ring are in conjugation with -cooh group.
alsl You will find that in each of those structures,either the ortho carbon or the para carbon acquires a positive charge. It is only the meta carbon that doesn't acquire positive charge. That is,electron density always remain maximum at the meta position. So it is quite natural that electrophile will always attack at the meta position……
alsl You will find that in each of those structures,either the ortho carbon or the para carbon acquires a positive charge. It is only the meta carbon that doesn't acquire positive charge. That is,electron density always remain maximum at the meta position. So it is quite natural that electrophile will always attack at the meta position……
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Hey !!
- COOH is an electron withdrawing group which deactivates the benzene ring lowering the electron density at ortho and para position in comparison to meta position. Electrophiles easily attacks at meta position.
Therefore, due to higher density at meta position electrophilic substitution takes place at meta position.
Good luck !!
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