Question

Electrophilic substitution reaction in nitration of benzene in step by step

Answer 1

Answer:

Complete Step by step answer:

Benzene reacts with nitric acid and sulphuric acid to form nitrobenzene. It is an example of electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction. One hydrogen atom of benzene ring is replaced with nitro group. Nitric acid reacts with sulphuric acid to form nitronium ions.

The pi electrons of benzene are donated to nitronium ions. A carbon-nitrogen bond is formed and the neighboring carbon atom gains unit positive charge. In this step, the aromaticity of the ring is broken. In the next step, this intermediate loses a proton to the water molecule. In this step, the aromaticity of the ring is regenerated.