Question

electrostatic or electromagnetic force keep electrons from leaving nucleus?

Answer 1

Shielding or Screening effect cast a shield for n+1th shell and hence valence shell electrons leave the atom but electrostatic force keeps it bound to nuclei.

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Answer 2

Static electricity works because electrons are strongly attracted to protons, right? But, in atoms, electrons are right there, next to the protons in the nucleus. Why don't the electrons zip directly into the nucleus and stick to the protons?

Electrons Should Fall Into the Nucleus

Everyone who has ever sat through fourth grade knows that when you rub a balloon on your hair, or your sweater, you can stick it to the wall. You can do this because the rubbing caused the balloon to accumulate a lot of electrons. Electrons are attracted to protons, and repelled by other electrons, so when the balloon was pushed near the wall, the electrons in the wall rushed away, leaving exposed protons. These half-naked protons were irresistible to the electrons in the balloon and the electrons rush towards the protons, taking the balloon with them.