Question

elements of scientific management

Answer 1

1) work study
2) standardisation of tools and equipment
3) scientific selection, placement and training
4) development of functional foremanship
5) introducing costing system
6) mental revolution

Answer 2

Scientific Management was formulated by Frederick Winslow Taylor.

It was done to identify and highlight the importance of managing tasks with a scientific approach in any establishment.

According to him, there are the following elements of scientific management -

• Work-Study

Work-study is defined as "the systematic, objective and critical examination of all the factors governing the operational efficiency of any specified activity to effect improvement."

• Standardisation of Tools and Equipment

This process brings cohesiveness and helps the selection of the most profitable standard tools.

• Scientific Selection, Placement and Training

This revolutionary element ensures that the workers are selected such that they enhance the quality and efficiency of the work

• Development of Functional Foremanship

Taylor emphasized the need for division of labour to create separate teams for planning and execution, which shall reduce the burden on the workers.

• Introducing Costing System

This is the "technique used to calculate cost per unit and total cost of production" to ensure a transparent and smoothly functioning system.

• Mental Revolution

Increasing productivity leads to immense profits and this will help increase the earnings of both management and workers.

To ensure this, cooperation and mutual respect by both parties is a necessity, according to Taylor.