Elucidate the five differences between moderate and extremist congress
Answers
Comparison between Moderates and Extremist Leadership of CongressBasisModeratesExtremistsPhase (Period)1885-19051905-1920Aim1. Aimed at administrative and constitutional reforms.2. Wanted more Indians in the administration and not to an end of British rule.3. They were secular in their attitudes, though not always forthright enough to rise above their sectarian interests. They knew the exploitative nature of British rule but wanted its reforms and not expulsion.1. Aim of getting Swaraj2. Wanted to end the tyranny rule of British.Ideology1. They believe in the efficacy of peaceful and constitutional agitation.2. They had great faith in the British sense of justice and fair play.3. They were inspired by the ideas of western philosophers like Mill, Burke, Spencer and Bentham. Moderates imbibed western ideas of liberalism, democracy, equity and freedom.1. They were radical in their approach. Demands of extremists were aggressive.2. They believed in atmashakti or self-reliance as a weapon against domination.3. Ideological inspiration was Indian History, Cultural heritage, national education and Hindu traditional symbols. Hence, they revived the Ganapati and Shivaji festivals to arouse the masses.4. They wanted to inculcate pride in India’s glorious culture to generate the spirit of nationalism. They invoked goddesses Kali or Durga for strength to fight for the motherland.5. Guided by four: principles Swarajya, Swadeshi, Boycott of foreign goods and National education to make the Indian aware.Methodology1. They follow the principles of 3P: Petition, Prayer and Protest.2. They believed in cooperation and reconciliation.1. They believe in militant methods.2. They follow the principle of atmashakti or self-reliance as a weapon against domination.3. Method of Non-Cooperation.4. They advocated democracy, constitutionalism and progress.LeadersA.O. Hume. W.C. Banerjee. Surendra Nath Banerjee, Dadabhai Naoroji, Feroze Shah Mehta. Gopalakrishna Gokhale. Pandit Madan Mohan Malaviya. Badruddin Tyabji. Justice Ranade and G.Subramanya AiyarLala Lajpat Rai, Lokmanya Bal Gangadhar Tilak. Bipin Chandra Pal, Aurobindo Ghosem Rajnarayan Bose, and Ashwini Kumar DuttSocial SupportZamindars and Upper middle classes in townsEducated middle and lower middle classes in townsContribution1. Economic Critique of British Imperialism2. Constitutional Reforms and Propaganda in Legislature3. Campaign for General Administrative Reforms4. Defence of Civil Rights1. Demand of Swaraj2. Mass movement3. Spread of national education4. Upliftment of downtrodden5. Nationalism6. Support to revolutionary movements7. Rise of communalism8. Encouraged co-operative organisation9. Set up charitable association for rural sanitation, preventive police duties, regulation of fairs and pilgrim gatherings for providing relief fund during famines and other calamities.
In the above comparison of Moderates and Extremists leadership of Congress will give brief but concreate comparison that will help the readers to understand the evolution of National Movement and people’s awakening.
Five differences between moderate and extremist congress
Moderates congress:
1. The focus was on ‘administrative’ and ‘constitutional’ reforms.
2. Wanted more ‘Indians in the administration’ and not for ending the British Rule.
3. They had ‘great faith’ in the British sense of ‘justice and fair play’.
4. Their ideologies were inspired by Western philosophers.
5. They believed in cooperation and reconciliation.
Extremist congress:
1. Focused on getting Swaraj.
2. Wanted an end to the British Rule.
3. They believed in ‘Atma shakti’ or self-reliance as a ‘weapon against domination’.
4. Ideologies were inspired by Indian History, National education, Cultural heritage.
5. They believed in the method of Non-cooperation.