Question

En
SECTION A
Q1) Read the following passage carefully. (10 marks)
Most people can remember a phone number for up to thirty Seconds. When this short amount of time remove of
rehearsal.the numbers are erased from the memory. How did the information get there in the first place?
Information that makes its way to the short-term memory (STM) does so via the sensory storage area. The brain
has a filter which only allows stimuli, that is of immediate interest, to pass on to the STM, also known as the
working memory. There is much debate about the capacity and duration of the short-term memory. The most
accepted theory comes from George A. Miller, a cognitive psychologist, who suggested that humans can remember
approximately seven chunks of information. A chunk is defined as a meaningful unit of information, such as a word
or name rather than just a letter or number. Modern theorists suggest that one can increase the capacity of the
short-term memory by chunking, or classifying similar information together. By organising information, one can
optimise the STM, and improve the chances of a memory being passed on to long-term storage. When making a
conscious effort to memorise something, such as information for an exam, many people engage in "rote
rehearsal" By repeating something over and over again, one is able to keep a memory alive. Unfortunately, this
type of memory maintenance only succeeds if there are no interruptions. As soon as a person stops rehearsing the
information, it has the tendency to disappear. When a pen and paper are not handy, people often attempt to
remember a phone number by repeating it aloud. If the doorbell rings or the dog barks, he will likely forget the
number instantly. Therefore, rote rehearsal is not an efficient way to pass information from the shortterm to long-
term memory. A better way is to practise "elaborate rehearsal". This involves assigning semantic meaning to a
piece of information, so that it can be filed along with other pre-existing long-term memories. Encoding
information semantically also makes it more retrievable. Retrievincy information can be done by recognition or
recall. Humans can easily recall memories that are stored in the long-term memory and used often; however, if a
memory seems to be forgotten, it may eventually be retrieved by prompting. The more cues a person is given (such
as pictures), the more likely a memory can be retrieved. This is why, multiple choice tests are often used for
subjects that require a lot of memorisation. Choose the correct option to complete the following sentences.
(i) Most people can remember a phone number up to
a) 2 minutes b) twenty seconds c) sixty seconds d) 60 second
(ii) thirty is not an efficient way to pass information from the short-term to long-term memory
(a) Elaborate rehearsal (b) Encoding information (c) Rote rehearsal (d) Memorisation
If a memory to be forgotten, it may eventually be retrieved
a) Prompting (b) repeating (C) encoding d)
chunking
iii) The more a person is given, the more likely a memory can be retrieved.
(a) interruptions (b) rehearsal (c) tests (d) cues
Answer the following questions in one word or one sentence.
i)
How do memories get transferred to the STM?​

Answer 1

Memorization

Explanation:

c) Thirty Seconds, after this time the numbers are erased from our mind.

c) Rote rehearsal, This is the technique in which by repeating something over and over again, one is able to keep a memory alive.

a) Prompting, Is the technique to recall memories that are stored in the long-term memory.

d) Cues, The more cues are given, the more likely a memory can be retrieved.

Answer the following questions in one word or one sentence.

i)  How do memories get transferred to the STM?

Ans- Via the sensory storage area.