energy conversion of formed in hydropower plant
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A hydroelectric power station converts the kinetic energy of flowing or falling water into electrical energy that can be used in homes and businesses. Hydroelectric power can be generated on a small scale with a ‘run-of-river’ installation, which uses naturally flowing river water to turn one or more turbines, or on a large scale with a hydroelectric dam.
A hydroelectric dam straddles a river, blocking its progress downstream. Water collects on the upstream side of the dam, forming an artificial lake known as a reservoir (1). Damming the river converts its kinetic energy into potential energy – the reservoir becomes a sort of battery, storing energy that can be released a little at a time. Some reservoirs are also used as boating lakes or for drinking water.
The reservoir’s potential energy is converted back into kinetic energy by opening underwater gates or intakes (2) in the dam. When an intake opens, the immense weight of the reservoir forces water through a channel called the penstock (3) towards a turbine. The water rushes past the turbine, hitting its blades and causing it to spin, converting some of the water’s kinetic energy into mechanical energy. The water then finally flows out of the dam and continues its journey downstream.
A shaft connects the turbine to a generator (4) – when the turbine spins, so does the generator. The generator uses an electromagnetic field to convert this mechanical energy into electrical energy.
As long as there is plenty of water in the reservoir, a hydroelectric dam can respond quickly to changes in demand for electricity. Opening and closing the intakes directly controls the amount of water flowing through the penstock, which determines the amount of electricity the dam is generating.
The turbine and generator are located in the dam’s powerhouse (5), which also houses a transformer. The transformer converts the electrical energy from the generator to a high voltage. The national grid uses high voltages to transmit electricity efficiently through the power lines (6) to the homes and businesses that need it (7). Here other transformers reduce the voltage to a usable level.
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A hydroelectric dam straddles a river, blocking its progress downstream. Water collects on the upstream side of the dam, forming an artificial lake known as a reservoir (1). Damming the river converts its kinetic energy into potential energy – the reservoir becomes a sort of battery, storing energy that can be released a little at a time. Some reservoirs are also used as boating lakes or for drinking water.
The reservoir’s potential energy is converted back into kinetic energy by opening underwater gates or intakes (2) in the dam. When an intake opens, the immense weight of the reservoir forces water through a channel called the penstock (3) towards a turbine. The water rushes past the turbine, hitting its blades and causing it to spin, converting some of the water’s kinetic energy into mechanical energy. The water then finally flows out of the dam and continues its journey downstream.
A shaft connects the turbine to a generator (4) – when the turbine spins, so does the generator. The generator uses an electromagnetic field to convert this mechanical energy into electrical energy.
As long as there is plenty of water in the reservoir, a hydroelectric dam can respond quickly to changes in demand for electricity. Opening and closing the intakes directly controls the amount of water flowing through the penstock, which determines the amount of electricity the dam is generating.
The turbine and generator are located in the dam’s powerhouse (5), which also houses a transformer. The transformer converts the electrical energy from the generator to a high voltage. The national grid uses high voltages to transmit electricity efficiently through the power lines (6) to the homes and businesses that need it (7). Here other transformers reduce the voltage to a usable level.
hope it helps friend
mark me brainliest plss
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