enger and prantal classification merits and demertis
Answers
Answer:
According to Engler and Prantl:
The most primitive plants are wind pollinated and most advanced plants are insect pollinated.
Unisexual plants are more primitive and with the passage of time, no of sepals and petals are increased. Bisexual flowers are highly advanced flower ie bisexual flower is originated from the unisexual flower.
Free sepals, free petals, free stamen, and carpels are the signs of primitive plants; where United is the sign of advanced plants.
If calyxes are united it means that the plant is primitive. If calyx and corolla are united it means that plant is advanced whereas the union of all parts of flowers represents the most advanced stage.
From various groups of gymnosperms, angiosperms are evolved monocots and then dicots. From angiosperms first evolved monocots and then dicots. It means that dicots are advanced whereas monocots are primitive.
Engler united polypetalae and monochlamydeae into a separate group called Archichlamydeae in which dicot plants are included and in which the sepals and petals are free.
Metachilamydae plants are evolved from Archichlamydeae.
Female flowers evolve from megasporophyll and male from microsporophyll.
Monocots have been divided and classified into 11 orders, 45 families and dictos are divided into 44 orders and 261 families.
Merits:
The chief merit lies in the broad treatment of the entire plant kingdom.
It gives an excellent illustration and phylogenetic arrangement of many groups.
Joining up of Polypetlae and Monochlamydae into Archichlamydae
Archiaceae is placed at the end of dicots because they are slightly evolved.
Juncaceae, eridecae, Amaryllaceae, are placed close to Filiaceae.
Gymnsperms treated separately in this system.
This system is accepted all over the world.
Demerits:
The union of choropetalae and opetalae is important over that of Bentham and Hooker’s system but in other respect not so. It is the system that far carry from the salix to buttercup.
2. Ementiferae and centrospermae are placed in the beginning of dicot even before Ranales. The folia nature of carpel is settle to the primitiveness of cryopylacae with two whorls of perianth.