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① Describe the problems faced by the Weimar Republic.
② Why was nazi propaganda effective in creating hatred for Jews?
③ What are the peculiar features of nazi thinking
④ In what ways did the nazi state seek to establish total control over its people?
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Answers
Answer:
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Explanation:
1.The Weimar Republic faced violent uprisings from various groups, not to mention devastating economic problems. Germany between 1918 and 1919 was in chaos. People were starving, the Kaiser had fled and people hated the government for signing the armistice in November 1918 - they called them the November criminals.
2.Nazi ideology believed there was no equality between people but
only a racial hierarchy. In this hierarchy the German Aryans were
at the top and the Jews at the lowest rung.
(ii) These racist beliefs were borrowed from thinkers like Charles
Darwin and Herbert Spencer. These thinkers expounded the concept
of evolution and natural selection and also the idea of survival of
the fittest.
(iii) Their ideas were taken by the Nazis to justify imperial rule over the
conquered people.
(iv) They also believed in the geo-political concept of Lebensraum or
living space. They believed that new territories should be acquired
for Germans to settle which could make Germany a powerful nation
to reckon with.
3.The peculiar features of Nazi thinking were:
A belief in racial hierarchy and Lebensraum or living space.
Nordic German Aryans were at the top, while the Jews formed the lowest rung of the racial ladder.
They believed that only the strongest race would survive and rule. This was borrowed from Darwin's theory of natural selection.
New territories must be gained for enhancing the natural resources and power of Germany
4.Adolf Hitler became the Chancellor of Germany in 1933. He passed many laws to gain control over his people. The first Decree was passed on 28th February 1933.
The Decree abolished freedom of speech, press, and assembly that had been guaranteed by the Weimar constitution.
Concentration camps were set up and the communists and jews were sent there.
On 3 March 1933, the famous Enabling Act was passed. This Act established dictatorship in Germany. All other political parties were banned. Nazi party took complete control of the economy, media, army, and judiciary.
Special surveillance and security forces were created to control and order society in ways that the Nazis wanted.
The police, the stormtroopers, the Gestapo, the SS and the Security Service were given extraordinary powers to control and order the society.
People could now be detained in Gestapo torture chambers, rounded up and sent to concentration camps, deported at will or arrested without any legal procedures. The police forces acquired powers to rule with impunity.
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