enumerate and explain the objectives of indian planning.
Answers
Answer:
Detail about the six major objectives of planning in India, i.e., (a) Economic Growth, (b) Attaining Economic Equality and Social Justice, (c) Achieving Full Employment, (d) Attaining Economic Self-Reliance, (e) Modernisation of Various Sectors, and (f) Redressing Imbalances in the Economy.
(a) Economic Growth:
Attainment of higher rate of economic growth received topmost priority in almost all the Five Year Plans of the country. As the economy of the country was suffering from acute poverty thus by attaining a higher rate of economic growth eradication of poverty is possible and the standard of living of our people can be improved.
The First Plan envisaged a target of 11 per cent increase in national income against which 18 per cent growth in national income was achieved.
(b) Attaining Economic Equality and Social Justice:
Reduction of economic inequalities and eradication of poverty are the second group of objective of almost all the Five Year Plans of our country particularly since the Fourth Plan. Due to the faulty approach followed in the initial part of our planning, economic inequality widened and poverty became acute.Under such a situation, the Fifth Plan adopted the slogan of ‘Garibi Hatao’ for the first time. The Seventh Plan document shows that nearly 37.4% of the total population of our country was lying below the poverty line and the plan aimed to reduce this percentage of 29.2% by 1990.
(c) Achieving Full Employment:
Five Year Plans of India gave importance on the subject to employment generation since the Third Plan. The generation of more employment opportunities was considered as an objective of both the Third and Fourth Plan of our country. But up to the Fourth Plan employment generation never received its due priority.The Fifth Plan in its employment policy laid special emphasis in absorbing increments in labour force during this Fifth Plan Period. The Sixth Plan accorded much importance on the reduction of incidence on unemployment. It has been estimated that the employment will grow at the rate of 4.17 per cent per annum as against the annual growth of labour force at 2.54 per cent.
To achieve this target the major programmes which were introduced during this Plan were Integrated Rural Development Programme (IRDP), the National Rural Employment Programme (NREP), the Operation Flood II Dairy Development Project, schemes in the villages and small industries sector the national Scheme of Training Rural Youth for Self Employment (TRYSEM) and various other components of the Minimum Needs Programme.
(d) Attaining Economic Self-Reliance:
One of the very important objectives of Indian Planning is to attain economic self-reliance. But this objective attained its importance only since the Fourth Plan, when the plan aimed at elimination of the import of food-grains under PL480. The Fifth Plan also laid much importance on the attainment of self-reliance.Thus this plan aimed at achieving self-sufficiency in the production of food-grains, raw materials and other essential consumption goods. The Fifth Plan also emphasized the need for import substitution and export promotion for attaining economic self- reliance.
(e) Modernisation of Various Sectors:
Another very important objective of Five Year Plans of our country was the modernisation of various sectors and more specifically the modernisation of agricultural and industrial sectors. The Fourth Plan laid much emphasis on the modernisation of agricultural sector and undertook a vigorous scheme for modernisation of agriculture in the name of Green Revolution.The successive plans also continued their efforts in the same direction but at a reduced rate.
The Sixth Plan categorically mentioned this objective of modernisation for the first time. Here the objective of modernisation means those structural and institutional changes in economic activities which can transform a feudal and colonial economy into a progressive and modern economy. Thus through modernisation economy may be diversified.
(f) Redressing Imbalances in the Economy:
Regional disparities and imbalances in the economy have become so acute in India that it needed special attention in our Five Year Plans. Thus by regional development we mean economic development of all the regions by exploiting various natural and human resources and by increasing their per capita income and living standards.
Since the Second Plan onwards, the Government realized the need for balanced development. Thus the Second, Third, Fourth and Fifth Plans laid emphasis on the redressal of economic imbalances for attaining a balanced regional development.
The Sixth Plan again aimed at progressive reduction in regional inequalities in the pace of development and in the diffusion of technological benefits.
Hope this helps you to clear your doubts about the concept.