Question

enumerate any three challenges to free and fair election

Answer 1

SECRECY OF THE VOTE. The ballot must be anonymous to make it impossible to trace back the voter. This includes secret marks left by voter on the ballot, handwriting, special combinations of multiple-choice answers etc. Secret voting prevents coercion (e.g., by family members, boss) and vote-purchase (by autocratic political entities). Moreover, it should be impossible for the voter to show or prove how (s)he voted (no pictures of the ballot, no receipt, no web account history, no IP log in the server). Needless to say, voting via the internet is off the table, as well as voting not at the voting station or voting together with anyone who can see your choice.

AUTHENTICITY. The ballot is personal and non-transferable. It should not be possible to take your ballot outside the voting station and give it to some one else, especially if that person is not eligible to vote. If a voter does not have an opinion, it is better not to vote. Nor should it be possible to steal someone’s identity and voter’s right (voter fraud).

REPRESENTABILITY. Not everyone is allowed to vote. However, those who are eligible to vote should have equal probability of casting their vote (no voter suppression). In practice that means that there must be a large number of voting stations, also that election is carried out during a wide-enough time window (multiple days) which also spans weekend. Information dissemination about the election should also give equal opportunity for participants to come.

VERIFIABILITY. The results of vote counting should be transparent, redundant (multiple counters), unbiased (apolitical counters or counters from all the parties) and reproducible (ballots must be saved). Electronic voting fails this test because of transparency. Moreover, the voter should be able to know with absolute certainty whether his vote (whatever the choice was) was actually counted. This is very hard to achieve.






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Answer 2

every person is not getting a fair chance to vote.
people use regional power to get vote.
people also use money power to get vote.