Question

Enumerate the name of cell organelles and indicates its functions.

Answer 1

OrganelleFunction
Nucleus-The “brains” of the cell, the nucleus directs cell activities and contains genetic material called chromosomes made of DNA.
Mitochondria-Make energy out of food
Ribosomes-Make protein
Golgi Apparatus-Make, process and package proteins
Lysosome-Contains digestive enzymes to help break food down
Endoplasmic Reticulum-Called the "intracellular highway" because it is for transporting all sorts of items around the cell.
Vacuole-Used for storage, vacuoles usually contain water or food.
Plant cells also have:
Chloroplasts-Use sunlight to create food by photosynthesis
Cell Wall-For support

Answer 2

Heya buddy^^

** we all know cell is the basic structural and functional unit of life .

**The word 'cell' was first coined by British scientist Robert hook in the year 1665.

**the study of cell is called ' cytology'.
The smallest cell is Mycoplasma galliselticum.
The longest cell in human body is Neuron.
The biggest cell is egg of ostrich.

so buddy here is some important ...staements about 'Cell'

So now 'ORGANELLES OF CELL'

1.)CELL WALL :- In the plant cell there is a rigid cell wall which is non living and freely permeable.It is made up of cellulose or chitin.It provide shape and rigidity to the cell.

* Cell wall of bacteria is made up of peptidoglycan.

2.) CELL MEMBRANE :- Cell membrane is also know as plasma membranewhich form the outer covering of animal cell.In plant cell it is found within cell wall.It is thin,elastic, living , doubke kayer ,permeable membrane.It is made up of phospholipid molecules.

**FUNCTION :- It regulates movement of molecukes inside and outside of the cell.

3.) PROTOPLASM :- The fluid present inside plasma membrane is protoplasm.
**The name protoplasm is given by Purkenje in 1839 .protoplasm is made up of various cehmical substances like water,ions,salt and organic molecule .It is the living part of the cell.

***PROTOPLASM IS DIVIDED INTO TWO PARTS*****

i.) cytoplasm = the fluid found outside the nuclear membrane.

ii.) Nucleoplasm= the fluid found inside the nuclear membrane.

** 99 % of protoplasm is made up of oxygen (76 %) ..carbon (10.5 %) hydrogen (10 %) and nitrogen (2.5 %)

** 80 % of protoplasm is madeup of water .

**The ratio of inorganic and organic compound found in protoplasm is 81 : 19.

4.) MITROCHONDRIA :- Discovered by 'Altman' In the year 1886.tgese are the cylindrical rod shaped or spherical structure found in cytoplasm .It is surrounded by double layer membrane .
inner layer membrane has many fold called cristae.The fluid present inside the Mitochondria is call Matrix , which contains many enzyme and co-enzyme.

**Mitochondria is considered as prokaryotic cell inside eukaryotic .
FUNCTION :- Mitochondria is the respiratory site of of cellular respiration.mitochondria synthesize energy rich compound ATP. It is know as ' Power house' Of the Cell.

5.) GOLGI BODIES :- Discovered by scientist Camilo Golgi.Golgi bodies are made up of group of tubes,vesicles and vacuoles.In plant it is more in number and here it is know as dictyosomes.

**FUNCTION :- It work as storage ,Processing and packaging of material.It is involved in the synthesis of cell wall, plasma membrane and lysomes.

**It help in the synthesis of carbohydrate from simple sugar which combine with protein made by ribosome forming glycoprotein.

****ENDOPLASMIC RECTICULUM :- Membranous network of tubules like structure found in cytoplasm is called endoplasmic recticulum.It is attached with the nuclues on one side and on other side it is joined with plasma Membrane.
**FUNCTION :- it helpz in the distribution of material.It forms of supporting framework cell.

6.) RIBOSOMES:- IT is discovered by 'palade' .small granules like structure found attached to the endoplasmic recticulum or in free state .It is made up ofribonucleic acid (RNA)

FUNCTION:- it take oart in protein synthesis.

8.) LYSOSOMES :- Discovered by 'De Duve' these are the sac like structure bounded by a single membrane and contain hydrolytic enzyme.

**FUNCTION :-It helps in intracellular function digestion,The enzymes found in lysosomes may digest the entire cell.so it is also know as suicidak bag.

**Lysosomes is not found in 'RBC' of a mammal.

9.) CENTROSOMES :- It is discovered by 'Boveri'.it is only found in animal cell taking part in cell division.It is not bounded by membrane consists of two centriole.
**FUNCTION :- Helps in the formation of spindle fibre between pole during cell division.

10.) PLASTIDS :- it is only found in plants cells.
**It is of three types :
a) chloroplasts =these are green pigment found in green plant involve in photosynthesis.so it is called as 'kitchen of the cell'.
b)chromoplasts :-it provides various colours to the plant like flower, fruit ..etc.
c)leucoplasts. :- its is colourless it stores the food in the form of starch,fats & protein.
**leucoplasts are found in root and underground stem.

11.) VOCOULES :- It is fluid filled single membrane bounded, dead organelles of cell.In plant cell it is larger in size but in animals it is smaller in size.

*FUNCTION :- Its help in osmoregulation.It stores toxic metabolic waste.

12.) NULCEUS :-The nucleus is the spherical,centrallylocated is a major structure found in the cell.In plants cell it is shifted towards periphery .It is bounded by double layered nuclear membrane having pore .within nucleoplam,nucleolus and chromatin material present.
Nucleolus is rich in protein and RNA .
**FUNCTION :- It controls all the activity of the cell.so it is also know as 'Control room' of the cell.chromatin transmits hereditary characters from parents to offspring.
:')
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@afsararaza ♥