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Importance of Dates in History
Dates in history are like the skeletal system, without
which the body would be shapeless. A collection of
historical facts would be one meaningless heap unless
the events were arranged in the sequence of their
dates of occurrence. Dates of events act somewhat
like milestones—they indicate an event's position in
relation to other events in history. This helps us
understand the trends of developments within a time
frame. Some dates and events act as landmarks
because of their long-term impacts. For example, the
year 1526 is a landmark in Indian history not only
because this is when the first battle of Panipat was
fought. More importantly, it marks the end of the
Delhi Sultanate and the beginning of the Mughal
Empire in India.
The importance of dates depends on the aspect
from which history is studied. Political history deals
with rulers, administration, wars, etc. Social history,
economic history, cultural history and religious
history deal with social, economic, cultural and
religious developments respectively. Within a time
frame, some dates record events in the lives of rulers,
including birth, accession, wars, administrative
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Chandragupta Maurya (reign: 321–297 BCE) was the founder of the Maurya Empire in ancient India. Born to a humble background, he was taught and counselled by the philosopher Chanakya, who had great influence in the formation of his empire. Together, Chandragupta and Chanakya built one of the largest empires on the Indian subcontinent. According to Jain sources, he later renounced his empire and became a Jain monk. Chandragupta's life and accomplishments are described in ancient Greek, Hindu, Buddhist and Jain texts, but they vary significantly. In Greek and Latin accounts, Chandragupta is referred as Sandrokottos or Androcottus.
Chandragupta Maurya was a pivotal figure in the history of India. Prior to his consolidation of power, Alexander the Great had invaded the northwest Indian subcontinent before abandoning his campaign in 324 BCE and left a legacy of several Indo-Greek kingdoms in northwest ancient India. Chandragupta created a new empire, applied the principles of statecraft, built a large army and continued expanding the boundaries of his empire. Greek rulers avoided war with him; one of them, Seleucus I Nicator, entered into a marriage alliance instead and retreated into Persia. Chandragupta's empire extended from Bengal to most of the Indian subcontinent except for the regions that are now Tamil Nadu, Kerala and Odisha.
Chandragupta's reign, as well the dynasty that followed him, was an era of economic prosperity, reforms and infrastructure expansion. Many religions thrived in India within his and his descendants' empire; Buddhism, Jainism and Ajivika gained prominence along with the Vedic traditions. A memorial to Chandragupta Maurya exists on the Chandragiri hill along with a 7th-century hagiographic inscription.
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