English, asked by korwarmahananda, 11 months ago

esay on uses of petrol 700 words​

Answers

Answered by tarahari
1
Oil has a wide range of uses in industry, commerce, agriculture and other fields and has contributed greatly to world industrial development, especially in the last hundred years. It serves as a fuel, a lubricant, an illuminant and a raw material for a wide range of prod­ucts. Its by-products are used in the chemical, phar­maceutical, textile and many other industries.

The major uses of petroleum in its many different forms may be described as follows:

i. Transportation:

The major use of petroleum is in transportation; almost half is used for motor fuel alone. The development of the internal combustion engine and of the automobile in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries created an enormous demand for the lighter grades of oil, and newer devel­opments such as the jet engine have increased this field.

Petrol (gasoline) and diesel oil are used to drive cars, buses, lorries, motor cycles, small boats and a number of specialized vehicles, such as tanks and other military equipment; agricultural machinery such as tractors and harvesters; constructional plant such as diggers and bulldozers; and domestic equipment such as lawn-mowers. A range of aviation fuels is used by aircraft and jets, using special jet fuels, can fly at speeds faster than sound (335 m/s or 1,100 ft per second). Diesel and heavy fuel oils are used to power railway locomotives and steamships.

On almost all the world’s major railway networks, diesel trains have replaced the less efficient coal-powered steam trains. The boilers of steamships are also now almost universally oil- powered. Oil has many advantages for shipping be­cause it is easily loaded, takes less storage space than coal and gives better results. Propane and butane may in future be more widely used to power vehicles as they cause less pollution.

ii. Industrial Power:

Oil is a major source of industrial power. Fuel oils (and natural gas) have large­ly replaced coal in the boilers and furnaces of factories. It is also very important in the generation of thermal electricity and is also used in the production of ‘town’ gas for domestic and industrial use. Lighter oils are used to power smaller plants, pumps and so on for in­dustrial, agricultural and domestic purposes.

iii. Heating and Lighting:

Oil has many do­mestic uses. Heavier oils are used in central heating plants for shops and offices as well as homes, and of course oil contributes to the production of electricity for industrial and domestic use. The lighter grades of oil are also very important. Paraffin (kerosene) was one of the earliest oil products to be used widely.

It was used for lighting, heating and cooking, and though its use has declined in many advanced countries, where electricity and other domestic fuels are readily available, many people in less developed parts of the world or in the remoter parts of most countries de­pend on kerosene for light and heat. It is also used for light-buoys and signal lights, e.g. lighthouses, in many parts of the world.

Some of the petroleum-derived gases, especially propane and butane are also important domestic fuels. Sometimes called ‘calor gas’, these fuels are distributed in metal cylinders and used for lighting, cooking and heating in many areas. They are often cheaper and cleaner to use than kerosene.



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