Essay in 700 words on the topic 'Importance of Green Revolution in India’s Economic Development.'
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Green Revolution Essay
Green Revolution is actually the process of increasing agricultural production by using modern machines and techniques. It was a scientific research-based technology initiative performed between 1950 and the late 1960s, that increased agricultural production worldwide, particularly in the developing world, beginning most markedly in the late 1960s. It used HYV seeds, increased use of fertilizer and more technical methods of irrigation to increase the production of food grains.
Green Revolution in India
In India Green Revolution commenced in the early 1960s that led to an increase in food grain production, especially in Punjab, Haryana, and Uttar Pradesh. Major milestones in this undertaking were the development of high-yielding varieties of wheat. The Green revolution is revolutionary in character due to the introduction of new technology, new ideas, the new application of inputs like HYV seeds, fertilizers, irrigation water, pesticides, etc. As all these were brought suddenly and spread quickly to attain dramatic results thus it is termed as a revolution in green agriculture.
Statistical Results
A record grain output in 1978-79 around 131 million tons occurred due to the Green Revolution. Hence, it made India as one of the world’s biggest agricultural producer. In India Green Revolution recorded a high level of success. India also became an exporter of food grains around that time.
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Economic Results
Crop areas under this project needed more water, more fertilizers, more pesticides, and certain other chemicals. This increased the growth of the local manufacturing sector. Increased industrial growth created new jobs and contributed to the country’s GDP. The increase in irrigation created the need for new dams to harness monsoon water. The stored water was used to create hydro-electric power. All of this resulted in industrial growth, created jobs and improved the quality of life of the people in villages.
Sociological Results
This new technology used frequent application of water, fertilizers, insecticides, larger volumes of transportation, electricity, etc. Not only the agricultural workers but also industrial workers got plenty of jobs because of the creation of facilities such as factories, hydro-electric power stations, etc. to back up the revolution.
Political Results
One of the most important factors that made Mrs. Indira Gandhi (1917-1984) and her party the Indian National Congress, a very powerful political force in India is this Green Revolution. India transformed itself from a starving nation to an exporter of food. This gave India admiration and appreciation from all over the world, especially from the Third world country.
Disadvantages of the Green Revolution
The negative social effect of the Revolution was also soon visible. Disparities in income have been widened by these innovations in agriculture. Rich landlords have control over the agricultural input and improved chemical fertilizers. The worst part is that the poor farmers found themselves handicapped by small farms of land and inadequate water supply. With complete agricultural techniques and inputs, the Green revaluation tended to have its most concentrated application on large farms.
As a concentration of the new technology to large farms, the Inequalities have further Increased. The poor farmers have been adversely affected by a growing tendency among the rich farmers to reclaim land previously leased out under tenancy agreement, which has been made profitable by higher returns from new technology.
The poor and backward class of farmers has been increasingly pushed into the rank of the landless laborer. A drastic increase in a higher level of rent with land value soaring. Also because of excessive use of fertilizers soil started to become alkaline or acidic depending upon the nature of the fertilizer used.
Conclusion
India has made a huge achievement in term of the Green Revolution, as it has provided an unprecedented level of food security. It has pulled a large number of poor people out of poverty and helped many non-poor people avoid the poverty and hunger they would have experienced had it not taken place. This revolution has saved over a billion people all over the world from famine.
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Importance of Green Revolution in India's Economic Development
Long Essay
Green Revolution is actually the process of increasing agricultural production by using modern machines and techniques. It was a scientific research-based technology initiative performed between 1950 and the late 1960s, that increased agricultural production worldwide, particularly in the developing world, beginning most markedly in the late 1960s. It used HYV seeds, increased use of fertilizer and more technical methods of irrigation to increase the production of food grains.
In India Green Revolution commenced in the early 1960s that led to an increase in food grain production, especially in Punjab, Haryana, and Uttar Pradesh. Major milestones in this undertaking were the development of high-yielding varieties of wheat. The Green revolution is revolutionary in character due to the introduction of new technology, new ideas, the new application of inputs like HYV seeds, fertilizers, irrigation water, pesticides, etc. As all these were brought suddenly and spread quickly to attain dramatic results thus it is termed as a revolution in green agriculture.
The Green Revolution describes a rapid increase in the production of crops ranging from wheat to rice. It led to a boom in the agriculture industry. It was the technological response to a worldwide food shortage which became threatening in the period after the World War II.
In India, the seeds of green revolution were first tested during the drought of 1964-65. M. S. Swaminathan an Indian geneticist, is known as ‘Father of Indian Green Revolution’ for his leadership and success in introducing and further developing high-yielding varieties of wheat in India. These seeds were planted in different soils of Punjab, Delhi, Pusa and Kanpur.
The yield was over 4,000 kg per hectare which was approximately about four times the yield of local varieties. These varieties were then replicated for public cultivation. High yielding varieties programme was introduced in the kharif season of 1 966. States like Punjab, Haryana and Western Uttar Pradesh reaped the benefits of the green revolution in wheat, while production of rice increased in the states of Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu.
There are around twelve components of Green Revolution such as high yielding varieties of seeds (HYV), irrigation – surface and ground, use of chemical fertilizers, insecticides and pesticides, Command Area Development (CAD), land reforms, consolidation of holdings, supply of agricultural credit, electrification of rural areas, construction of roads and markets, farm mechanism and development of agricultural universities.
These components do not work in isolation. In fact it is the consolidated development of all these components that result in the overall development. Green Revolution has influenced Indian Economy to a large extent. One major problem lies in the fact that the revolution did not spread evenly to all the parts of the country.
With the introduction of Green Revolution in 1967-68, there was a phenomenal increase in the production of food grains, especially the wheat. Thus, Green Revolution in India can be exclusively called wheat revolution. Green Revolution increased production thus bringing prosperity to the farmers. The increased production within the country made the country self-sufficient and self-reliant in food grains. This led to a considerable decrease in the quantity of import. In fact, now many a times we are in a position to export.
With the use of mechanised and scientific methods in farming, industries too sprang up. Tractors, harvesters, threshers, electrical motors, diesel engines, pumps etc began to be manufactured on a large scale. Besides demands for pesticides, fertilizers, insecticides increased the number of fertilizer plants in the country. Consequently, there were increased employment opportunities, especially in the rural areas.
Even though, Green Revolution turned out to be a unique event in the history of Independent India by resolving the problems of hunger, famine and starvation, yet it had certain demerits. Green Revolution has greatly profited the rich farmers but has failed to profit the smaller ones. Rather the income gap between the rich, marginal and small farmers has increased. Moreover, not all parts of the country were benefitted. All the crops could not reap the benefits of green revolution except rice and wheat. Moreover, the revolution took off with a great start but it could not sustain its growth rate and productivity rate over the subsequent years.