Essay on Astronaut in English
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An astronaut is a person who is specially trained to travel into outer space. Astronauts aboard a spacecraft may have different responsibilities. Typically there is a commander who leads the mission and a pilot. Other positions may include flight engineer, payload commander, mission specialist, and science pilot.
Astronauts have to undergo extensive training and testing before they can participate in a spaceflight. They must show that they can handle the physical rigors from the high gravity of launch to the weightlessness of orbit. They also must be technically knowledgeable and able to handle stressful situations that may arise during the mission
Astronauts have special gear called a spacesuit that they use when they must leave the safety of their spacecraft. These spacesuits provide them with air, protect them from the extreme temperatures of space, and protect them from the radiation of the Sun. Sometimes the spacesuits are tethered to the spacecraft so the astronaut won't float away. Other times the spacesuit is equipped with small rocket thrusters to allow the astronaut to navigate around the spacecraft.
Buzz Aldrin (1930) - Buzz Aldrin was the second person to walk on the Moon. He was the pilot for the lunar module on the Apollo 11.
Neil Armstrong (1930 - 2012) - Neil Armstrong was the first person to walk on the Moon. When he stepped onto the Moon he made the famous statement "That's one small step for man, one giant leap for mankind." Neil was also part of the Gemini VIII mission which was the first time two vehicles successfully docked in space.