Essay on chilika wildlife sanctuary
Answers
Chilika Lake is a brackish water lagoon, spread over the Puri, Khurda and Ganjam districts of Odisha state on the east coast of India, at the mouth of the Daya River, flowing into the Bay of Bengal, covering an area of over 1,100 km. It is the largest coastal lagoon in India and the second largest brackish water lagoon in the world[4][5] after The New Caledonian barrier reef.[6] It has been listed as a tentative UNESCO World Heritage site.[7]
Chilika
Chilika Bhubaneswar.me.jpg
Migratory birds at Chilika lake
Location
Odisha
Coordinates
19°43′N 85°19′E
Lake type
Brackish
Primary inflows
52 streams including the Bhargavi, Daya, Makra, Malaguni and Luna rivers[1]
Primary outflows
old mouth at Arakhakuda, new mouth at Satpada to Bay of Bengal
Catchment area
3,560 km2 (1,370 sq mi)
Basin countries
India
Max. length
64.3 km (40.0 mi)
Surface area
min.: 900 km2 (347 sq mi)
max.: 1,165 km2 (450 sq mi)
Max. depth
4.2 m (13.8 ft)
Water volume
4 km3 (3,200,000 acre⋅ft)
Surface elevation
0 – 2 m (6.6 ft)
Islands
223 km2 (86 sq mi):
Badakuda, Breakfast, Honeymoon, Kalijai Hill, Birds Island, Kanthapantha, Krushnaprasadrah (Old Parikuda), Nalabana, Nuapara, Somolo and Sanakuda.
Settlements
Puri and Satpada
References
[1][2]
Ramsar Wetland
Designated
1 October 1981
Reference no.
229[3]
It is the largest wintering ground for migratory birds on the Indian sub-continent. The lake is home to a number of threatened species of plants and animals.[8][9]
The lake is an ecosystem with large fishery resources. It sustains more than 150,000 fisher–folk living in 132 villages on the shore and islands.[10][11]
The lagoon hosts over 160 species of birds in the peak migratory season. Birds from as far as the Caspian Sea, Lake Baikal, Aral Sea and other remote parts of Russia, Kirghiz steppes of Kazakhstan, Central and southeast Asia, Ladakh and Himalayas come here. These birds travel great distances; migratory birds probably follow much longer routes than the straight lines, possibly up to 12,000 km, to reach Chilika Lake.
In 1981, Chilika Lake was designated the first Indian wetland of international importance under the Ramsar Convention.[12][13]
According to a survey, 45 percent of the birds are terrestrial in nature, 32 percent are waterfowl, and 23 percent are waders. The lagoon is also home to 14 types of raptors. Around 152 rare and endangered Irrawaddy dolphins have also been reported. Plus, the lagoon supports about 37 species of reptiles and amphibians.[14]
The highly productive Chilika Lagoon eco-system with its rich fishery resources sustains the livelihood for many fishermen who live in and near the lagoon. The water spread area of the lagoon ranges between 1165 and 906 km2 during the monsoon and summer respectively. A 32 km long, narrow, outer channel connects the lagoon to the Bay of Bengal, near the village Motto. More recently a new mouth has been opened by CDA which has brought a new lease of life to the lagoon.
Microalgae, marine seaweeds, sea grasses, fish and crab also flourish in the brackish water of the Chilika Lagoon. Especially the recovery of seagrass beds in recent years is a welcoming trend which may eventually result in re-colonization of endangered dugongs.[15]
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Explanation:
CHILIKA WILDLIFE SANCTUARY
Located to the south west of Puri, covering a widespread area of 1100 sq kms, Chilika Wildlife Sanctuary is one of the most visited wildlife sanctuaries in Odisha. This wildlife sanctuary is home to various migratory and local birds such as Flamingo, White Bellied Sea Eagle, Brahminy Kite, Spotbilled Pelican, Barheaded Goose, Openbilled Stork, Spoonbill, Brahimny Duck, Wigeon, Pintail, Shoveller, Ibis, Stilt, Heron, Egret, Avocet, Gull, Tern and King Fisher etc.
Apart from residents and migratory birds, Chilika Wildlife Sanctuary is also home to Blackbuck, Spotted Deer, Golden Jackals, Hyenas and many more. Rich in aquatic wildlife, this sanctuary houses Dolphin, Prawn, Crab, Limbless Lizard and Crustaceans. More than 225 u among the tourists. Lots of people especially visit this sanctuary for this splendid view.
One of the most famous tourist attractions near Chilika Wildlife Sanctuary is Kalijai Temple, devoted to Goddess Kalijai. Each fisher man visits Kalijai Temple before going on a fishing expedition at Chilka Lake. Reasonably priced boats can be hired from Balugaon and Barkul for the sanctuary. Visit Chilka Lake Bird Sanctuary and Hotspot of Biodiversity at chilika.