essay on corona virous with headings in English
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Answer:
Some mutated species of the Coronavirus family, which is commonly accepted as a disease agent in animals, can also cause diseases in humans. We have witnessed examples of this as SARS in 2002 and MERS in 2011, both of them being severe lower respiratory tract infections. The causative pathogen of the disease, which has become a pandemic (a worldwide epidemic) today, is named the SARS-CoV2 virus, and the disease it causes is COVID-19. It causes serious lower respiratory failure, as in previous examples, and may damage the central nervous system in the early period, unlike the previous ones.1 Like other members of the Coronavirus family, this virus has a sheath called the envelope in its fat structure, which has spiky protrusions of its protein structure on its outer surface. Because it looks like a “crown” due to these spiky protrusions, it is referred to as “corona”, meaning crown (figure). The spiky proteins of the SARS-CoV2 virus differ from the SARS virus by 2% and provide much better adhesion to human cells.2 The virus is a non-living pathogen agent with its nucleic acid chain (a kind of helical amino acid chain that carries genetic codes) in the envelope. The virus can replicate itself, cause damage, and spread only when it infiltrates into another cell. For the SARS-Cov2 virus to infiltrate into cells, its envelope structure must be strong. The virus becomes harmless as oil solvents such as soap or detergent damage the envelope structure. It can remain infectious for only a few days if it cannot infiltrate into the cell provided that its envelope structure is strong. The exposed virus is deformed over time and becomes ineffective. When a sufficient number of SARS-CoV2 enters the human body, the infection begins once the virus clings onto the surface epithelium (a skin-like but much thinner, a single layer of cell covering the inner cavities of our body) and then infiltrates the cell
Explanation:
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What is a coronavirus?
Researchers first identified a coronavirus in 1937, isolating one that was responsible for a type of bronchitis in birds that had the potential to devastate poultry stocks.
Scientists found evidence of human coronaviruses in the 1960s, in the noses of people with the common cold.
Human coronaviruses that are particularly prevalent include 229E, NL63, OC43, and HKU1.
The name “coronavirus” comes from the crown-like projections on the virus’s surfaces. “Corona” in Latin means “halo” or “crown.”
In humans, coronavirus infections most often occur in the winter and early spring.
COVID-19
In 2019, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) started monitoring the outbreak of a new coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, which causes COVID-19. They first identified the virus in Wuhan, China.
Since then, the virus has spread to nearly every country, leading the World Health Organization (WHO) to declare a pandemic.
The new coronavirus has been responsible for tens of millions of infections globally, causing over a million deaths. The United States has seen the highest number of these infections and deaths.
The first people with COVID-19 had links to a live animal and seafood market. This suggests that animals initially transmitted the virus to humans. Then, people with no connections to the market developed the disease, confirming that the virus can pass from person to person.
Most people who develop COVID-19 have a relatively mild form of the disease. According to the WHO, around 80% of people who get COVID-19 recover without needing to be admitted to a hospital.
The remaining 20% become seriously ill and develop difficulty breathing.
Some groups have a higher risk of severe disease and death, including older adults and people with underlying medical conditions, including high blood pressure, heart and lung problems, diabetes, and cancer.
The mortality rate varies from country to country. In the U.S., the death rate is around 2.8%.
According to the CDC, most children with COVID-19 have mild symptoms or none at all. Fewer children have developed COVID-19 than adults. That said, infants and children with certain medical conditions may have an increased risk of severe illness and death from COVID-19.
Also, the available evidence suggests that pregnant people may have a higher risk of severe illness from COVID-19. They may also have an increased risk of problems such as preterm birth, though it is unclear whether this is related to the virus itself.
Symptoms of COVID-19
According to the CDC, people may start to experience COVID-19 symptoms 2–14 days after exposure to SARS-CoV-2. Symptoms may include:
a fever
chills
a cough
shortness of breath or difficulty breathing
a sore throat
congestion or a runny nose
fatigue
a headache
muscle pain
a new loss of taste or smell
nausea, vomiting, or both
diarrhea
No vaccine is currently available for COVID-19, although several are in development. Tests can detect the infection early on, even if a person is not experiencing symptoms.
According to the CDC, the following groups have a higher risk of developing serious illness from COVID-19:
older adults
people of any age with underlying health conditions, including heart disease, stroke, diabetes, cancer, high blood pressure, and obesity
pregnant people
Systemic inequalities in healthcare have placed many people of marginalized racial and ethnic groups at a higher risk of sickness and death from COVID-19
Prevention tips
wear mask.
eat healthy
maintain social distancing
prevent yourself from going in a crowd.
etc