essay on healthy people healthy environment
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Environmental degradation and pollution is estimated to cause up to 234 times as many premature deaths as occur in conflicts annually, highlighting the importance of a healthy environment to achieving the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, according to a new report released at the second United Nations Environment Assembly (UNEA-2).
Environmental impacts are responsible for the deaths of more than one quarter of all children under the age of five, the report states.
Healthy Environment, Healthy People – published by the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), the World Health Organization (WHO), the Convention on Biological Diversity, the Montreal Protocol on substances that deplete the ozone layer, and the Basel, Rotterdam and Stockholm conventions – looks at the dangers posed by air pollution, chemicals, climate change and other issues linking environmental quality to human health and well-being.
Environmental impacts are responsible for the deaths of more than one quarter of all children under the age of five, the report states.
Healthy Environment, Healthy People – published by the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), the World Health Organization (WHO), the Convention on Biological Diversity, the Montreal Protocol on substances that deplete the ozone layer, and the Basel, Rotterdam and Stockholm conventions – looks at the dangers posed by air pollution, chemicals, climate change and other issues linking environmental quality to human health and well-being.
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Air pollution is the world’s largest single environmental
risk to health: some 7 million people across the world
die each year as a result of everyday exposure to poor
air quality. Who is affected depends on exposure and
occupation. In some countries, simply preparing a meal
is a major risk to health because of indoor air pollution
with 4.3 million deaths attributed to household air
pollution arising from cooking with solid fuels.
Exposure is particularly high among women and young
children, who spend the most time near the domestic
hearth. Children, the old and those with low immunity
are especially vulnerable. Lack of access to clean water
and sanitation causes 58 per cent of cases of diarrhoeal
diseases in low and middle-income countries. Unsafe
water, inadequate sanitation or insufficient hygiene result
in 3.5 million deaths worldwide, representing 25 per cent
of the deaths of children younger than 14. The 50
biggest active dumpsites affect the daily lives of 64
million people. Some 107,000 people die annually from
exposure to asbestos and 654,000 died from exposure to
lead in 2010. Since the first session of the Conference of
the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention
on Climate Change in 1995, 606,000 lives have been lost
and 4.1 billion people have been injured, left homeless or
in need of emergency assistance as a result of weatherrelated
disasters.
High-risk occupations include agriculture, mining and
construction – often with a relatively high proportion of
children, youth or migrant workers who have substantially
higher rates of fatalities and exposure to chemicals and
injuries. Vulnerable groups also include those living
in poverty and those at greater risk owing to certain
occupations, livelihoods and locations. Widespread land
and coastal degradation greatly exacerbates the effects of
extreme weather, destroys livelihoods and food security,
threatens health and well-being, and subsequently even
forces people into migration. The social and economic
groups that are vulnerable to these environmental
impacts often also suggest an environmental injustice
at play, as the rich reap benefits from the activities that
create the degradation and it is the poor and vulnerable
groups who are most affected.
Climate change is acknowledged as a major health
risk multiplier, with existing effects that are expected to
increasingly affect human health, including through
negative changes to land, oceans, biodiversity and
access to freshwater, and the increasing frequency and
higher impact of natural disasters. Cautious estimates
from the World Health Organization (WHO) under a
medium-high emissions scenario indicate that 250,000
additional deaths could potentially occur each year
between 2030 and 2050 as a result of climate change. It
may also lower the national quality of dietary intakes and
worsen obesity. Environmental degradation is estimated
to cause 174–234 times as many premature deaths as
occur in conflicts annually. Mental health issues also
rank amongst the ten largest non-fatal threats in most
countries.
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