essay on internal security of India
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Geographically, India is placed in between hostile Pakistan to its West and not too friendly Bangladesh, Myanmar and China to its East. Regular terrorist activities targetted by Pakistan against India have made it necessary for India to be always on guard and develop fool-proof intelligence and internal security system. India’s new government has prioritized intelligence in its agenda and conceptualised policy formation and implementation diversities for the country’s safety and security.
The ever-increasing security concerns and the greater reliance on intelligence are the offshoots of a host of causative factors. New and complex manifestations in the nature of security threats, states resorting to low-cost option of covert actions to achieve their objectives, abundance and accessibility of lethal weapons, availability and accessibility of lethal technology, quick and easy trans-national mobility, low efficacy of conventional security measures, etc. have come to play a significant part of this gamut of contributory factors.
No wonder, intelligence has come to play a significant role in all modes of conflicts. Intelligence may be operative in the twin modes of being offensive and defensive. In the offensive mode, it can provide vital inputs for strategy formulation and assessment of enemy strengths and weaknesses on one hand and a capability-degrader on the other. In the defensive mode, intelligence plays the vital role of predicting and preventing security threats. In internal security it operates in an area- specific and problem-specific manner.
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India is externally prone to multiple vulnerability owing to a myriad of factors, geopolitical positioning hostile neighbourhood, long and treacherous borders, long maritime belt, etc internally, its communal, caste, linguistic and ethnic economic disparities, political conflicts and turmoil, etc. contribute to its vulnerability. But the genesis of India’s internal security has undergone a radical change, of late, for the worse. In the conventional breed, the internal threats used to be home¬spun, contrary to the external which were of an external genesis. In the new setting, the politico-strategic objectives, planning, finances, motivation, etc. of an internal threat are often of external origin. Clandestine in nature, these operations are connected to some domestic fault-lines which lend them a character and colour of an internal security problem.
India has since long been paying dearly for these externally- sponsored internal security threats. It is a unanimously accepted fact that the internal security is the most vulnerable segment of the country’s national security. This fact has been concurred by the reports of the Kargil Committee.
Some studies have tried to quantify this external factor in India’s internal security, and it has been placed at as high as 80 per cent. This will have calamitous effects and, to cope with such an alarming situation, what is called for is not intelligence reforms but, as Deborah Barger propounded, intelligence transformation. Our security measures have to be so aligned as to address the peculiarities of this emerging exigencies rather than aligning them as we wish things to be.
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There are various factors for the paradigm shift in the approach to the perpetration of security threats by cross-border agencies. Conventional and formal wars are becoming more and more costly and obsolete. In such a scenario, covert action has evolved as suitable alternative to many nations and agencies. It is a low cost and sustainable offensive. This offensive strategy is being employed not only by asymmetric powers too weak to employ formal and conventional means, but even by major powers. The political doctrine prescribed by the US for “protecting supreme national interests” is yet another facade for this diabolic scheme.
This covert scheme has cost India dearly so far with nearly 70,000 human lives including over 9,000 security personnel and untold miseries and incalculable losses. The nuclear-empowered Pakistan has repositioned its massive apparatus to destabilise India. Pakistan has been trying to use Kashmir as a pretext for jihad for all Muslims over the years.
The jihadi irregulars have become an integral part of Pakistani offensive machinery as evidenced by the Kargil War. Our responsive doctrines need to be re-visited and reviewed in the light of the massive Pak operations which have so far caused the death of over 12,000 Pakistani terrorists on the Indian soil. Powerful jihadi Wahabism is yet another threat targetted towards Muslim population. A sizeable population of Afghanistan and Pakistan has come under its spate and desperate attempts are being made to spread its tentacles .
The ever-increasing security concerns and the greater reliance on intelligence are the offshoots of a host of causative factors. New and complex manifestations in the nature of security threats, states resorting to low-cost option of covert actions to achieve their objectives, abundance and accessibility of lethal weapons, availability and accessibility of lethal technology, quick and easy trans-national mobility, low efficacy of conventional security measures, etc. have come to play a significant part of this gamut of contributory factors.
No wonder, intelligence has come to play a significant role in all modes of conflicts. Intelligence may be operative in the twin modes of being offensive and defensive. In the offensive mode, it can provide vital inputs for strategy formulation and assessment of enemy strengths and weaknesses on one hand and a capability-degrader on the other. In the defensive mode, intelligence plays the vital role of predicting and preventing security threats. In internal security it operates in an area- specific and problem-specific manner.
ADVERTISEMENTS:
India is externally prone to multiple vulnerability owing to a myriad of factors, geopolitical positioning hostile neighbourhood, long and treacherous borders, long maritime belt, etc internally, its communal, caste, linguistic and ethnic economic disparities, political conflicts and turmoil, etc. contribute to its vulnerability. But the genesis of India’s internal security has undergone a radical change, of late, for the worse. In the conventional breed, the internal threats used to be home¬spun, contrary to the external which were of an external genesis. In the new setting, the politico-strategic objectives, planning, finances, motivation, etc. of an internal threat are often of external origin. Clandestine in nature, these operations are connected to some domestic fault-lines which lend them a character and colour of an internal security problem.
India has since long been paying dearly for these externally- sponsored internal security threats. It is a unanimously accepted fact that the internal security is the most vulnerable segment of the country’s national security. This fact has been concurred by the reports of the Kargil Committee.
Some studies have tried to quantify this external factor in India’s internal security, and it has been placed at as high as 80 per cent. This will have calamitous effects and, to cope with such an alarming situation, what is called for is not intelligence reforms but, as Deborah Barger propounded, intelligence transformation. Our security measures have to be so aligned as to address the peculiarities of this emerging exigencies rather than aligning them as we wish things to be.
ADVERTISEMENTS:
There are various factors for the paradigm shift in the approach to the perpetration of security threats by cross-border agencies. Conventional and formal wars are becoming more and more costly and obsolete. In such a scenario, covert action has evolved as suitable alternative to many nations and agencies. It is a low cost and sustainable offensive. This offensive strategy is being employed not only by asymmetric powers too weak to employ formal and conventional means, but even by major powers. The political doctrine prescribed by the US for “protecting supreme national interests” is yet another facade for this diabolic scheme.
This covert scheme has cost India dearly so far with nearly 70,000 human lives including over 9,000 security personnel and untold miseries and incalculable losses. The nuclear-empowered Pakistan has repositioned its massive apparatus to destabilise India. Pakistan has been trying to use Kashmir as a pretext for jihad for all Muslims over the years.
The jihadi irregulars have become an integral part of Pakistani offensive machinery as evidenced by the Kargil War. Our responsive doctrines need to be re-visited and reviewed in the light of the massive Pak operations which have so far caused the death of over 12,000 Pakistani terrorists on the Indian soil. Powerful jihadi Wahabism is yet another threat targetted towards Muslim population. A sizeable population of Afghanistan and Pakistan has come under its spate and desperate attempts are being made to spread its tentacles .
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