essay on life in an indian city
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Before industrial civilization the tendency was to look upon city life as a sort of privilege which men of great luck only could enjoy. It was after Industrial Revolution that the cities were looked upon with an aversion and disgust. One of the most searching and revealing criticisms of the big city is given by Robert Sinclair.
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The big city to him is an illusion; it gives people a false belief in its cultural and its leadership values. He calls London a “field of adventure, child of Wren, mother of nations-liar, oppressor, gaudy, pauper and provincial minded humbug.” Arthur E. Morgan points out how the American city draws to itself “the cream of the population of all America” and then “extinguishes the family life of those it attracts.” Oswald Spengler held a very pessimistic view of the city. In his opinion the city develops through the following stages each of which is given its appropriate name: Eopolis or early city, Polis or normal city, Metropolis or ruling city, megalopolis or speculative city, Tyrannopolis or tyrannical city, and Necropolis or dying city. To Mumford Lewis the large scale urban community contains cataclysmic potentialities. It destroys the solidarity of the kin, the family, the “blood”, the nation, and with its competitive stress fosters the disintegrating attitudes. The wheel of destiny rolls on to its end; the birth of the city entails its death.”
Briefly put, the disadvantages of urban life are: absence of primary relationships, predominance of individualism, lack of community feeling, absence of family life, low morality; development of one-sided personality, social disorganisation and mechanical life.
Bright Side:
However, there is a bright picture too of the city life. There are available distinct facilities of making life joyful and comfortable. The city gives encouragement to new ideas and new inventions. It quickens social movements and enlarges social contacts amongst inhabitants through various specialized agencies.
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It provides ample opportunities to ambitious and energetic men to display their talents. It has liberated women from the exclusiveness of domesticity. There is opportunity for personal advancement in cities than in rural areas. The city gives increasing status to its inhabitants and offers superior educational advantages.
Stressing the benefits of the city on sociologies grounds, MacIver writes:
“Where the village community is all community, its exclusiveness rests on ignorance and narrowness of thought, its emotional strength is accompanied by intellectual weakness. Its members become the slave of its traditions, the prisoner of its own affections; without the widening of gates-nay, without the breaking down of walls-there is no progress. Here is the service of the wider community, not only a completer ‘civilization’, but also the freedom of a broader culture.”
Spengler observed, “World history is the history of civic man. Peoples, states, politics, all arts and all sciences rest upon one prime phenomenon of human being, the town.”
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