Essay on Plant Pathology (1104 Words)
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Plants, like animals and humans, can also become diseased. In fact, there is a much wider number of plant diseases than there are human or animal diseases simply because there are more plant species involved in agriculture, horticulture and forestry than in medical or veterinary medicine.
The science of plant diseases is called plant pathology, or phytopathology. There are a wide variety of microorganisms such as fungi, bacteria, viruses and nematodes that cause these diseases. Diseases caused by these pathogens are often called biotic diseases. Also, environmental conditions, such as winter damage or drought stress, can cause disease in plants. Diseases caused by these factors are often called abiotic diseases.
importance ........there are few if any crops grown in Canada or elsewhere that could be produced profitably without the efforts of plant pathologists. Farmers rely on plant pathologists for advice on disease-management strategies so they can produce a reliable, high quality crop. Canadian plant pathologists are in the forefront of efforts to develop new, environmentally-acceptable methods of disease control.
For relatively small investments in scientific manpower, Canadians have received new plant cultivars resistant to disease and new products to help fight plant diseases. For example, it has been estimated that relatively modest annual public expenditures in Canada to produce cultivars of wheat resistant to the stem rust disease have produced annual benefits (in increased yield) of over $216 million dollars.
The science of plant diseases is called plant pathology, or phytopathology. There are a wide variety of microorganisms such as fungi, bacteria, viruses and nematodes that cause these diseases. Diseases caused by these pathogens are often called biotic diseases. Also, environmental conditions, such as winter damage or drought stress, can cause disease in plants. Diseases caused by these factors are often called abiotic diseases.
importance ........there are few if any crops grown in Canada or elsewhere that could be produced profitably without the efforts of plant pathologists. Farmers rely on plant pathologists for advice on disease-management strategies so they can produce a reliable, high quality crop. Canadian plant pathologists are in the forefront of efforts to develop new, environmentally-acceptable methods of disease control.
For relatively small investments in scientific manpower, Canadians have received new plant cultivars resistant to disease and new products to help fight plant diseases. For example, it has been estimated that relatively modest annual public expenditures in Canada to produce cultivars of wheat resistant to the stem rust disease have produced annual benefits (in increased yield) of over $216 million dollars.
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Plants are the silent workers of our planet, they want to live and also help others (animals including human beings) to live. They have well-developed metabolic system, which includes both anabolism (synthesis) and catabolism (breakdown). On the other hand, animals have only catabolic system.
Anabolic system, like photosynthesis, is present in most of the plants and catabolic system, like respiration, is present in all plants. Photosynthesis is dependent on light, but the respiration occurs both day and night (throughout their life period). Photosynthesis requires CO2, water, chlorophyll and light. Plants can absorb CO2 from the atmosphere and also utilize the CO2 produced from its own respiration.
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