Question

essay on problems faced by Indian agriculture during covid​

Answer 1

Explanation:

3 The “Measurement” ProblemIn the strange world of electrons, photons and other fundamental particlesquantum mechanics is law. Particles do not behave like little bullets, butas waves spread over a large region. Each particle is described by a wavefunction that tells what its location, speed and other characteristics are morelikely to be, but not what these properties are. The particle instead hascountless opportunities for each, until one experimentally measures one ofthem - location, for example - then the particle wave function “collapses” and,apparently at random, a single well-defined position is observed. But howand why does a measurement on a particle make its wave function collapse,which in turn produces the concrete reality we perceive? This issue, theMeasurement Problem in quantum physics [3], may seem esoteric, but ourunderstanding of what reality is, or if it even exists, depends on the answer.Even worse: according to quantum physics it should be impossible to everget a certain value for anything. It is characteristic of quantum physicsthat many different states coexist. The problem is that quantum mechanicsis supposed to be universal, that is, should apply regardless of the size ofthe things we describe. Why then do we not see ghostly superpositionsof objects even at our level? This problem is still unsolved. When cansomething be said to have happened at all? Without additional assumptionsbeyond quantum physics, nothing can ever happen! This is because the wavefunction mathematically is described by so-called linear equations, wherestates that have ever coexisted will do so forever. Despite this, we knowthat specific outcomes are entirely possible, and moreover happen all thetime. Another strange thing is that the uncertainty in quantum physicsarises only in the measurement. Before that, quantum mechanics is just asdeterministic as classical physics, or even more so, because it is exactly linearand thus “simple”. Only when we understand how our objective macroscopicworld arises from the ghostly microscopic world, where everything that is notstrictly forbidden is compulsory, can we say that we truly know how natu