ESSAY ON PSYCHOLOGY OF 200 WORDS
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Psychology has been defined as the science of human and animal behaviour. In other words, psychologists are interested in finding out the causes underlying various types of behaviour. The term behaviour as it is used in psychology is very broad. It does not mean only the things a person does in everyday life, such as walking, crying, frowning etc.
For the psychologists, however, the term behaviour includes not only how we act or what we do, but also how we think and how we feel. In short, it includes mental processes, such as thinking, feeling, willing, imagining etc. as well as the physical processes.
Since every organism including man lives in an environment with ever changing energies, objects and other organisms, psychologist believe that behaviour is a means of adjusting to the environment. All our behaviour, therefore, is directed towards achieving an adjustment between the forces within us and those in our environment.
Adjustment to inner and outer demands of the body is a continuous process and hence, psychologists aim at the study of organism’s attempt to adjust itself to the varying conditions both within itself and in its environment.꧂
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It tries to explain wide array of factors involved in what we human beings do. The principles explained by psychology give us a rational basis of understanding of what we and others do. Psychology has been defined in many ways. In ancient days people were analysing the behavioural aspects on the basis of philosophy. They believed that there is a soul in every individual and this is responsible for all our activities.
This view led to the opinion that the subject matter of psychology must be the study of soul. But this definition could not answer the questions regarding the existence of soul and its accessibility for study. This condition led to a new definition by Greek philosophers who defined psychology as a ‘science of mind’. But this definition was also rejected on the same grounds as soul was rejected.
Later, Wilhelm Wundt a psychologist who established the first psychological laboratory at the University of Leipzig in Germany defined psychology as the study of consciousness. EB Titchener the disciple of Wundt, proposed the method of Introspection to study consciousness. But because of its subjectivity and unscientific method of study, this definition was also rejected.
Gradually, as a result of the development of scientific outlook people started thinking on scientific basis and began to define psychology as a science of behaviour. Finally, it is JB Watson (1913) defined psychology as a science of behaviour of human as well as animal beings.
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