essay on role of women in russia
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Explanation:
Women in post-Communist Russia face violent crime, high unemployment, low wages and bear most of the responsibility for domestic duties. A colossal rate of alcoholism have given Russia one of the highest proportions of widows of any nation. The vast majority of Russian women must work full time to survive. They are also expected to do the bulk of the cooking, shopping, and childcare. Yet women earn, on average, only 40 percent as much as men and are three times as likely to be unemployed. Violent crime against women, including rape and spousal abuse, has also increased.
Women's participation in paid labor outside the home was one of the defining features of economic life in the former Soviet Union.
According to data from R.F. Goskomstat, in 1992-1998 the number of employed dropped from 72 million to 63 million people, and the number of unemployed (according to the definition of the International Labor Organization) rose from 4 million to 9 million, but these values had been 65.1 million and 8.7 million people, respectively, as early as November of 1999. During a period of economic decline, the employment of women declined more quickly than the employment of men (19.3 and 17.9 percent over 1992-98), but the expansion that has begun has made it possible to increase the number of female employees to a greater extent, and the gain in employment among women has been twice that of men. Nevertheless, the number of unemployed women rose by a factor of 2.2, and men by 2.4, over this period. This is explained by the fact that when there is a decline in demand for labor power, some able-bodied citizens leave the economically active population. Many researchers regard this phenomenon as a latent form of unemployment (the "discouraged"), that it has specific gender features. Women's educational levels continue to exceed those of men. In 1995, 20.1