Essay on rural livelihoods.
Answers
Answer:
Agriculture labourers are those people in rural areas who work as labour in fields and get daily wages. They comprise two- fifths of the total rural population in India! These labourers do not own land of their own, thus are forced to work in the lands of richer farmers. Even if some labourers own land, it is extremely small and not enough for the family. These workers are sadly exploited by rich farmers, as they don’t have any alternative ways to earn money and they come in plenty as ‘cheap labour’ for the fields.
2] Farmers
rural livelihoods
This group consist of villagers who carry out farming activities in their own lands. They sow seeds, weed and harvest crops by themselves and also reap the profits themselves. However, eighty percent of these farmers also have very small land holdings and need to depend on other sources of income like having a poultry or dairy business. To earn enough money to barely survive, these farmers borrow money from money lenders for seeds, fertilisers, etc., and are at great risk of being in debt. This is why we hear of so many unfortunate news of farmer suicides in India.
3] Farmers with Other Sources of Income
rural livelihoods farmers
The farmers who do not earn enough from their land, or by working on other rich farmer’s lands need other sources of income. They work in mills near the farms or sell milk of the cows that they own. Selling other by-products like sap, collecting wood, leaves of certain plants, fruits, etc., helps them to sustain and survive. Some farmers also seasonally go to the cities or towns to work as wage earners as there is more opportunity to earn money in cities.
Explanation:
India’s strong economic growth has consistently tried to include the rural population, which is concentrated in areas where rain fed agriculture is the main economic activity. However poverty persists because of limited and inequitable access to productive resources, such as land, water, improved inputs and technologies and microfinance, as well as vulnerability to drought and other natural disasters. Low levels of literacy and skills conspire to keep people in the poverty trap, preventing them from claiming their basic rights or from embarking on new activities to earn income or build assets. These multifarious and all pervasive issues required a common national effort for solution. The…show more content…
The different types of capital involved are: 1) Natural capital: the natural resource stocks (soil, water, air, genetic resources etc.) and environmental services from which resource flows and services useful for livelihoods are derived. 2) Economic or financial capital: the capital base (cash, credit, savings and other economic assets) which are essential for the pursuit of any livelihood strategy. 3) Human capital: the skills, knowledge, ability to labor and good health and physical capability important for the successful pursuit of any different livelihood strategies. 4) Social capital: the social resources (networks, social claims, social relations, affiliations, associations) upon which people draw when pursuing different livelihood strategies requiring coordinated actions. Apart from the aforementioned categories, there can be other forms of capital as well. In order to create livelihoods, therefore, people must combine the ‘capital’ endowments that they have access to and control over. These may be made up of personal capabilities, tangible assets and intangible assets.