Essay on Sociological Theory of Criminal Behaviour (482 Words)
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This theory pre-supposes that criminals are a product of society. The impact of sociological factors is so great on persons that they either shun criminality or embrace it, depending on their environment and immediate social conditions. Prof. Sutherland made an intensive study of criminals and offered two major explanations for criminal behaviour, namely:—
(i) The processes operating at the time of the occurrence of crime which he called the dynamic explanation of crime; and
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(ii) The processes operating in the earlier life-history of the criminal which he termed as the historical or generic explanation of crime.
The dynamic explanation of crime causation was subsequently favoured by the psychologists, biologists and psychiatrists and in fact formed the basis for subjective approach to crime. It suggests that the cause of criminal behaviour lies in the immediate favourable situation which the criminal finds conducive for the criminal act.
For example, offence of embezzlement or misappropriation of the public funds can only be committed by persons who handle large sums of money. Likewise, the offence of that is often committed in lonely houses which the criminals find locked or unmanned for a number of days. Again, sex offences are common in dwellings where the number of family members are limited and opportunities for privacy and loneliness are easily available.
It is true that personal situations of the criminal do play a vital role in the causation of crime yet these ‘situations’ alone can hardly be sufficient to motivate a person to commit crime if his previous life experiences are otherwise different. Therefore, a crime usually generates when a person from his past experiences considers a particular situation conducive to it.
(i) The processes operating at the time of the occurrence of crime which he called the dynamic explanation of crime; and
ADVERTISEMENTS:
(ii) The processes operating in the earlier life-history of the criminal which he termed as the historical or generic explanation of crime.
The dynamic explanation of crime causation was subsequently favoured by the psychologists, biologists and psychiatrists and in fact formed the basis for subjective approach to crime. It suggests that the cause of criminal behaviour lies in the immediate favourable situation which the criminal finds conducive for the criminal act.
For example, offence of embezzlement or misappropriation of the public funds can only be committed by persons who handle large sums of money. Likewise, the offence of that is often committed in lonely houses which the criminals find locked or unmanned for a number of days. Again, sex offences are common in dwellings where the number of family members are limited and opportunities for privacy and loneliness are easily available.
It is true that personal situations of the criminal do play a vital role in the causation of crime yet these ‘situations’ alone can hardly be sufficient to motivate a person to commit crime if his previous life experiences are otherwise different. Therefore, a crime usually generates when a person from his past experiences considers a particular situation conducive to it.
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"Criminals are the products of society - this concept is partially true because criminality can form within a particular social condition.
Prof Sutherland explain this concept into two different opinions such as:
(i) The processes operating at the time of the occurrence of crime which he called the dynamic explanation of crime; and
(ii) The processes operating in the earlier life-history of the criminal which he termed as the historical or generic explanation of crime.
So the dynamic explanation of crime can be detected and solved by the psychologists, biologists and psychiatrists.
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