essay on swachh survekshan in English
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Recently, the Swachh Survekshan 2020 report has been launched by the Union Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs (MoHUA). It is the fifth edition of the annual cleanliness urban survey conducted by the MoHUA. It is one of the world’s largest sanitation surveys. This year the Ministry has released rankings based on the categorisation of cities on population, instead of releasing overall rankings.
The categories based on population were introduced in 2019 for the first time but the exact groupings have been changed this year. Indore was ranked first, securing the rank for the fourth consecutive year, followed by Surat and Navi Mumbai. All the National Capital Region (NCR) cities, Greater Mumbai, Bruhat Bengaluru, Amritsar, Kota, Chennai, etc. have performed poorly. Patna with the rank 47, is at the bottom of the list. Chhattisgarh’s Ambikapur has been surveyed as the cleanest city in the country, followed by Mysore and New Delhi.
Bihar’s Gaya with a rank of 382, is at the bottom. Karad has been ranked as the cleanest followed by Sasvad and Lonavala (all three in Maharashtra). Varanasi has been ranked the cleanest among 46 Ganga towns. Jalandhar got the top rank among cantonments. New Delhi was the cleanest capital city.
Chhattisgarh was ranked the cleanest State out of those with over 100 urban local bodies (ULBs) or cities. Jharkhand was the cleanest state with less than 100 ULBs or cities. The dynamic and evolving nature of the Swachh Survekshan framework was also highlighted. From being just a monitoring framework for measuring outcomes, it has become an implementation accelerator for Swachh Bharat Mission-Urban (SBM-U), enabling sustainability of outcomes by institutionalizing cleanliness.
SBM-U was launched in 2014, with the objective of making urban India 100% Open Defecation Free (ODF) along with 100% scientific solid waste management. It has a deep impact on health, livelihoods, quality of life and behaviour, which proved to be very helpful while dealing with the Covid-19 pandemic as well.
MoHUA is also actively working on coming up with a second phase of the SBM-U (SBM 2.0), which was initially supposed to be till March 2020 but has been extended till March 2021. It envisions to: Take current targets further, making cities open defecation-free, including 100% sludge management and zero dumping of waste in the open. Safe containment, transportation and disposal of faecal sludge and septage from toilets and also the grey and black water from households and establishments. Treat all wastewater before discharging into water bodies and their maximum possible re-use. Provide adequate safety gear and mechanised equipment to all sanitation workers with maximum attention.
To ensure the sustainability of on-ground performance of cities, the MoHUA had also introduced Swachh Survekshan League in 2019. It is a quarterly cleanliness assessment of cities and towns done in three quarters with 25% weightage integrated into the final Swachh Survekshan results. In July 2020, MoHUA launched the sixth edition of the survey, Swachh Survekshan 2021 and also introduced a new performance category, the Prerak DAUUR Samman. It has a total of five additional subcategories namely Divya (Platinum), Anupam (Gold), Ujjwal (Silver), Udit (Bronze) and Aarohi (Aspiring).