essay on task learning
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What is a task?
Confusion often arises in discussions of tasks based learning because different teachers and writers use different definitions of the term ‘task’. Most people would probably agree, however, on the following basic characteristics of tasks:
Some Characteristics of Tasks
- Tasks are activities in which students work purposefully towards an objective.
- The objective may be one that they have set for themselves or one which has been set by the teacher.
- Tasks may be carried out individually or (more often) in groups.
- Tasks may be carried out in competition with others or (more often) in collaboration.
- The outcome may be something concrete (e.g. a report or presentation) or something intangible (e.g. agreement or the solution to a problem).
- The area of disagreement revolves around the relationship between tasks and communication. Some teachers and writers do not see this relationship as crucial. They define a language-learning task as including almost anything that students are asked (or choose) to do in the classroom, including formal learning activities such as grammar exercises and controlled practice activities, provided the objective of the activity is related to learning the language. This is the view, for example, of Williams and Burden (1997, p. 168):
- A task is any activity that learners engage in to further the process of learning a language.
- Many other teachers and writers use a more restricted definition. They exclude activities where the learners are focusing on formal aspects of the language (such as grammar, pronunciation or vocabulary) and reserve the term ‘task’ for activities in which the purpose is related to the communication of meanings (i.e. for what Nunan
- , 1989, p. 10, calls a “communicative task”). Willis (1996, p. 23) is one writer who adopts this definition:
- In this book tasks are always activities where the target language is used by the learner for a communicative purpose (goal) in order to achieve an outcome.
hope it will help you.....
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