essay on utility of mobile telephony limit is 100 words
Answers
Mobile phone is a wonderful gift of science. It is a gift to society. It has revolutionized the world of communication. Now a man can have communication anywhere, anytime to anyone sitting thousands of kilometers away from him. Though a small instrument, it can perform big functions.
The latest version of it offers many great facilities including music system, photography, internet, computer, etc. It is, in fact, an improved version of landline phone which has facilitated communication. Now we can talk whether we are in car, bus, train or aeroplane.
Mobile phones have received overwhelming response from all across the world. Now everyone has a mobile phone. It is useful for all. A businessman uses it to keep in touch with his clients, customers, his workers and other associates affiliated to him. It has contributed to his business expansion. Even green grocer and plumber have a mobile phone. It helps them in their business dealings. Almost all the big cities are well-connected by the mobile phones. Even in remote villages mobile facility is available. Many big companies have come into this field. Severe competition among them has caused to a fall in the prices of the instrument and cost of the services as well. As a result, now even middle class and lower middle class people find it convenient to afford mobile. This has led to increase in tendensity in India.
In 2010 there were estimated to be five billion mobile cellular subscriptions in the world.
HistoryEdit
Main articles: History of mobile phones and History of the prepaid mobile phone
According to internal memos, American Telephone & Telegraph discussed developing a wireless phone in 1915, but were afraid that deployment of the technology could undermine its monopoly on wired service in the U.S.[1]
Public mobile phone systems were first introduced in the years after the Second World War and made use of technology developed before and during the conflict. The first system opened in St Louis, Missouri, USA in 1946 whilst other countries followed in the succeeding decades. The UK introduced its 'System 1' manual radiotelephone service as the South Lancashire Radiophone Service in 1958.[2] Calls were made via an operator using handsets identical to ordinary phone handsets.[3] The phone itself was a large box located in the boot (trunk) of the vehicle containing valves and other early electronic components. Although an uprated manual service ('System 3') was extended to cover most of the UK, automation did not arrive until 1981 with 'System 4'. Although this non-cellular service, based on German B-Netztechnology, was expanded rapidly throughout the UK between 1982 and 1985 and continued in operation for several years before finally closing in Scotland, it was overtaken by the introduction in January 1985 of two cellular systems - the British Telecom/Securicor 'Cellnet' service and the Racal/Millicom/Barclays 'Vodafone' (from voice + data + phone) service. These cellular systems were based on US Advanced Mobile Phone Service (AMPS) technology, the modified technology being named Total Access Communication System (TACS).
In 1947 Bell Labs was the first to propose a cellular radio telephone network. The primary innovation was the development of a network of small overlapping cell sites supported by a call switching infrastructure that tracks users as they move through a network and passes their calls from one site to another without dropping the connection. In 1956 the MTAsystem was launched in Sweden. The early efforts to develop mobile telephony faced two significant challenges: allowing a great number of callers to use the comparatively few available frequencies simultaneously and allowing users to seamlessly move from one area to another without having their calls dropped. Both problems were solved by Bell Labs employee Amos Joel who, in 1970 applied for a patent for a mobile communications system.[4] However, a business consulting firm calculated the entire U.S. market for mobile telephones at 100,000 units and the entire worldwide market at no more than 200,000 units based on the ready availability of pay telephones and the high cost of constructing cell towers. As a consequence, Bell Labs concluded that the invention was "of little or no consequence," leading it not to attempt to commercialize the invention. The invention earned Joel induction into the National Inventors Hall of Fame in 2008.[5] The first call on a handheld mobile phone was made on April 3, 1973 by Martin Cooper, then of Motorola[6] to his opposite number in Bell Labs who were also racing to be first. Bell Labs went on to install the first trial cellular network in Chicago in 1978. This trial system was licensed by the FCC to ATT for commercial use in 1982 and, as part of the divestiture arrangements for the breakup of ATT, the AMPS technology was distributed to local telcos. The first commercial system opened in Chicago in October 1983.[7][8] A system designed by Motorola also operated in the Washington D.C./Baltimore area from summer 1982 and became a full public service later the following year.[9] Japan's first commercial radiotelephony service was launched by NTT in 1978.
The first fully automatic first generationcellular system was the Nordic Mobile Telephone (NMT) system, simultaneously launched in 1981 in Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden.[10] NMT was the first mobile phone network featuring international roaming. The Swedish electrical engineer Östen Mäkitalo started to work on this vision in 1966, and is considered as the father of the NMT system and some consider him also the father of the cellular phone.
Note that when a user roaming in another country, international roaming tariffs apply to all calls received, regardless of the model adopted in the home country.[61]