Esterification condensation glycerol with fatty acid
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The main goal of this study is the elaboration of a one-step synthesis of acylglycerol emulsifiers with modified hydrophobic properties.
The esterification kinetics of glycerol with four individual fatty acids (C12:0, C14:0, C16:0, and C18:0), in the presence of zinc carboxylates (ZnC) of these acids, was investigated.
The influence of the ZnC concentration and temperature on the reaction progress was studied.
It was found that, under the applied conditions, the process is, with respect to glycerol esterification, a consecutive reaction of first order, with monoacylglycerol (MAG) as an intermediate, stable product.
The maximum concentration of MAG in the reaction mixture did not exceed 50%. The reaction conditions as well as the types of carboxylate and fatty acid used influenced the rate of glycerol conversion and MAG formation.
Zinc salts of fatty acid were found to be effective in increasing the contact between reactants and, as a consequence, accelerating the reaction progress.
The formation of microemulsions in all studied esterification processes was observed.
We studied the reaction kinetics in order to prepare emulsifiers with desirable contents of MAG and zinc ions.
The influence of the synthesized emulsifiers' composition on their hydrophilic−lipophilic properties was also investigated.
The fatty acid chain length as well as the concentration of ZnC influenced the HLB values of the synthesized preparations.