esterification of 2 examples of primary and secondary alcohols, please help !!
Answers
Explanation:
In the esterification of reaction, the bond between O&H of an alcohol cleaves and the order of reactivity for this cleavage is goes down from primary to tertiary alcohol ( due to stability of alcoxide ions lowers in tertiary alcoxide). So tertiary alcohols will be the least reactive towards this reaction, hence the order of increasing reactivity will be
Tertiary< secondary< Primary alcohol.
Also might be the stearic effects also supports this order as primary alcohol is less stearical challenged than tertiary.
What is the increasing order of reactivity towards esterification: primary alcohol, secondary alcohol, tertiary alcohol?
In the esterification of reaction, the bond between O&H of an alcohol cleaves and the order of reactivity for this cleavage is goes down from primary to tertiary alcohol ( due to stability of alcoxide ions lowers in tertiary alcoxide). So tertiary alcohols will be the least reactive towards this reaction, hence the order of increasing reactivity will be
Tertiary< secondary< Primary alcohol.
Also might be the stearic effects also supports this order as primary alcohol is less stearical challenged than tertiary.
What is the order of acidity among primary, secondary and tertiary alcohols?
For the simplest case of alkyl alcohols, primary alcohols are more acidic than secondary alcohols which are more acidic than tertiary alcohols.
This is because the strength of the alcohol as an acid is dependent on the corresponding strength of its conjugate base, the alkoxide ion. A more stabilised alkoxide is a weaker conjugate base and hence the alcohol will be more acidic. To evaluate the strength of the alkoxide we will look at both steric and electronic factors.
For electronic factors, when there are more electron donating alkyl groups attached to the hydroxyl carbon, the electron density on the O atom increases and the alkoxide is consequently less stable.
For steric factors, more alkyl groups would mean that the alkoxide is more bulky and it would be harder for the solvent to stabilize the alkoxide.
Hence considering both electronic and steric factors, primary alkoxides are the most stable and tertiary alkoxides are the least stable, so primary alcohols are the most acidic and tertiary alcohols are the least acidic.
Explanation:
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