estimate the product of each of the following by rounding off the first number upwards and the second number downwards
a) 681×163
b) 471×159
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In 475 the last two digits i.e., 75 is greater than 50.
Therefore, 1 will be added to the 3rd last digit and the last two digits will become zero.
After rounding to nearest hundred we will get 500.
In 225 the last two digit i.e., 25 is less than 50
Thus, the 3rd last will remain same and the last digit will become zero.
After rounding to nearest ten we will get 200.
Hence, the required product is 500×200=1,00,000
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