Question

estimate the work done by the league of nations pointing out the reasons for its failure​

Answer 1

AS AN accompaniment of the economic and financial crisis the world has been afflicted with a general political unrest and an increase of mistrust and uncertainty in international relations. In this situation public opinion everywhere has turned its critical attention to the League of Nations, founded twelve years ago for the purpose of combating just such tendencies, and to promote international coöperation and safeguard peace. The question being asked is: What has the League of Nations done, what is it doing, to alleviate the crisis and help towards a solution of the world's urgent and complicated problems? The question is often asked skeptically, implying adverse criticism of the League's activities and doubt regarding its prospects.

In my opinion, criticism of what the League has done is necessary and useful; but to be as useful as possible the criticism must be discriminating.

Answer 2

Following the Paris Peace Conference 1919, the League of Nations became an international body. The aims of the League were to encourage disarmament, avoid war through mutual security, resolve conflicts between countries by diplomacy and enhance global welfare, among others.

Explanation:

Some successful works of the league

• Åland is the midway between Finland & Sweden  collection to about 6,500 islands. The Islands are Swedish-speaking exclusively, but in the early 1900s Finland had sovereignty. In 1917, most of the people wanted to see the islands join Sweden, but Finland didn't want the islands to be handed over. In 1921 the government of Sweden addressed the issue with the League. The League agreed that the islands would still be part of Finland, but would be controlled by themselves and avoid a possible war between the two countries.
• Greek forces attacked their neighbor after an incident on the borders of Greece and Bulgaria in 1925. Bulgaria requested only token opposition from its soldiers and had trusted the League to resolve this dispute. In addition, the League opposes the Greek invasion and called for both the withdrawal of Greece and Bulgaria to be compensated. Nevertheless, Greece complied however had complained about the treatment disparity between them and Italy
• The League began an investigation into the matter following reports in Liberia's independent African country of forced labour, in particular, on the alleged use of forced labor at the large rubber plantation of Firestone in Liberia. In 1930 a League Report suggested the sale of contract labor in a significant number of government officials, which led to the resignation of President Charles D.B. King, his Vice-President and several other government officials. The League threatened to set up trusteeship over Liberia except if reforms undertaken that  had become the central focus of President Edwin Barclay.
• The League was also working to fight against the international opium and sexual slavery trade and contributed to alleviating the situation of refugees, in particular in Turkey in 1926. The introduction of the Nansen passport in 1922, the first internationally accepted card for stateless refugees, was one of its inventions in this field. The League has achieved many of its successes by its different agencies and committees.
• In 1926, the League settled the Iraq-Turkey conflict regarding the ottoman province of Mosul. According to the United Kingdom, which in 1920 was granted an A-mandate by the League of Nations to Iraq, which served Iraq in its international affairs, Mosul had belonged to Iraq, and the new Turkish republic had claimed the province as part of its historic country. In 1924, a three-person League of Nations committee was sent to the region to examine the case the Council of the League  voted to select Mosul for Iraq on 16 December 1925.

Significant Failures

• The League's defeat in the 1930s did not only discredit their legitimacy because of aggressor countries, but also because of their own leaders. During an effort to satisfy Hitler Britain and France, two of the most powerful leaders, rejected the League-acts that undoubtedly contributed to the start of the Second World War.
• Throughout the 1930s, the global economic crisis pushed nations against each other to become more violent. In Germany , Italy and Japan, fascist dictatorships were looking for empire building and defying the League.
• Many countries that were beneficial to the League were actually not allowed to participate. In turn, it was like a boutique rather than a true union of countries. Most league members actually resigned because the League was dysfunctional and because its goals were undermining their own.
• Manchuria was invaded in 1932 by Japan. The League protested, but was powerless to do anything. Japan left the League when the League backed China. Hitler said that in 1932 Germany was leaving the League. Abyssinia was occupied in 1935 by Italy. The League publicly condemned the Italians but France and Britain signed a clandestine deal to give Italy Abyssinia.
• These crises weakened the League 's authority and after 1935 Germany could not be prevented. At the time of the 1938 Sudeten Crisis, the League was ignored by Britain and France and instead trying appeasement
• Since the Chaco War of 1922 and the Nazi Annexation in Czechoslovakia, the League could not avoid foreign incursions or successfully resolve its resolutions; from the outset, the toothless existence of the League was more and more evident.
• The presence of the League clearly made colonialism incompatible. While during colonialism, the UN managed to thrive, it did so after the Second World War and in the decline of colonialism. The membership of the League considered their questionable territorial claims to be above and beyond their remit. This dual norm undermined the league's credibility, ultimately causing it to collapse.