Question

ethanoic acid dimerises in benzene why ? ​

Answer 1

Explanation:

When a dilute solution of acetic acid (polar molecule) in benzene (non-polar solvent) is prepared, the polar molecules of acetic acid tend to stick together, and through hydrogen bonding interactions, the electron deficiency of carboxylic acid hydrogen atoms on BOTH molecules are satisfied.

Answer 2

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Acetic acid is a polar molecule. The O-H bond of the carboxylic acid group is polarized; electronegative oxygen takes an unfair share of the bonding electron pair of the O-H bond, leaving the hydrogen in an electron-deficient (electropositive) state. In order to quench its electron deficiency, the COO-H hydrogen starts to interact with nearby oxygen atoms from OTHER acetic acid molecules, trying to share the lone pair electrons residing on the oxygen atom. This sort of interaction is called “hydrogen bonding”.When a dilute solution of acetic acid (polar molecule) in benzene (non-polar solvent) is prepared, the polar molecules of acetic acid tend to stick together, and through hydrogen bonding interactions, the electron deficiency of carboxylic acid hydrogen atoms on BOTH molecules are satisfied.This is the reason for the formation of acetic acid dimeric species in benzene solutions.

NOTE: Benzene is a known carcinogen. Except in text book problems, you do not encounter benzene solutions of ANYTHING anywhere in real life anymore.

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