Evaluate the extent to which taxation on its own can nudge smokers into kicking their habit. (10 marks)
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Answer:
A mass of mineral matter that makes up the crust of the earth is called rock.
Or
Aggregates of minerals are termed as rocks. Examples: See part
Three Types of Rocks
Igneous Rocks
Sedimentary Rocks
Metamorphic Rocks.
Explanation:
Answer:
The recently-adopted smoking bans in bars and restaurants epitomize a cultural transformation. By creating an environment where smoking becomes increasingly more difficult, the bans help shift social norms away from the acceptance of smoking in everyday life and promotes public rejection of cigarettes. And this is only the beginning. New public policies such as nudging smokers are now developed, raising legal and moral issues.
After centuries of smoking being perceived as a socially-accepted habit, this popular, addictive and intensively promoted behavior has in recent times been transformed in the public eye of most Western countries. Yet tobacco remains the major preventable cause of death in many parts of the world today, killing more than 5 million people every year. Assuming no change in prevalence it is predicted that the 1.45 billion people who smoke today may become almost 2 billion by 2025.
Although it was not until the twentieth century that the health problems associated with tobacco use gained public knowledge, smoking bans in public places are as old as tobacco consumption. The first known smoking ban occurred in 1590 and was given by Pope Urban VII during his short reign as pope and others were issued by the Ottoman sultan Murad IV in 1633, by the Prussians in Königsberg in 1742, and finally by the Nazi regime, under the auspices of Karl Astel’s Institute for Tobacco Hazards Research, created in 1941 under orders from Adolf Hitler. Yet what makes smoking bans more salient today is their rapid spread and virtually universal character, being mandated by an International agreement, the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control, the world’s first global public health treaty negotiated under the auspices of the World Health Organization (WHO). Under this instrument, its 174 signatories, representing more than 90% of the world countries – including China and India – are expected to adopt – besides advertising and smoking bans – an entire new generation of tobacco control measures.
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