Question

Evaluate the principles adopted by muhammad bin tughluq

Answer 1

Muhammad Tughluq carried out many measures for the improvement of the administration of revenue. One of these measures was preparation of a register in which income and expenditure of all the provinces were recorded. All provincial governors were asked to submit reports of income and expenditure of their concerning provinces to the centre for this purpose.

In the beginning of his reign, the Sultan increased taxation in the Doab. According to Barani, the taxation was raised by ten to twenty times more. Ferishta stated that it was increased threefold or fourfold while Gardner Brown stated that the rise in taxation was quite normal. According to Dr A.L. Srivastava, the Sultan desired to raise the revenue by five to ten per cent and that too not by increasing the land tax but by certain other taxes, most probably by house-tax and grazing tax.

Answer 2

The principles adopted by Muhammad bin Tughluq:

• All provincial governors were asked to submit to the center reports of their provincial income and expenditure. The Sultan's main motive was to impose a uniform standard of land income in his realm and to see that there was no village left unassessed.

• Agriculture division and the minister, Amir-i-kohi, were appointed to look after it. This department's main purpose was to increase the property under cultivation. In addition, according to Dr. A.L. Srivastava, "a wide area of land, sixty miles in size, has been selected for state farming.

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