evaluate without using trignomatric tables -cos square 43 degrees +cos square 47 degree +sec50 degree upon cosec 40 degree
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JUDICIARY
Chater – 5 Civics
• Judiciary is the system of courts that interprets and applies the laws in a nation. It also provides
a mechanism for the resolution of disputes, ensuring equal justice under the law.
• What is the role of judiciary?
1. Dispute resolution: The judicial system provides a mechanism for resolving disputes,
between the citizens, governments or various authorities.
2. Judicial review: The judiciary is the final interpreter of the constitution. And it had been
given the responsibility to uphold the constitution. The judiciary has the power to strike
down the laws passed by the parliament if they are in violation of the basic structure
of the constitution, this is known as the judicial review.
3. Upholding the law and enforcing fundamental rights: Every citizen of India can
approach the Supreme court or the High court if they believe their fundamental rights
have been violated.
• The judiciary plays a crucial role in democratic India,
1. Serves as a check on the powers of the executive and the legislature.
2. It protects the Fundamental Rights of citizens.
• The Independent Judiciary: The term comes to effect from the concept of separation of powers
between the executive, the legislative and the judiciary. The Indian constitution has created this
separation of powers between the judiciary, legislative and the executive in order to protect
people and stop misuse of powers.
The independence of judiciary allows the courts to play a central role in ensuring there is no
misuse of power by the legislature or the executive
• The members of the Constituent Assembly had quite correctly envisioned a system of courts
with an independent judiciary as a key feature of our democracy.
• The Structure of Courts: The courts in India function at 3 different levels.
SUPREME COURT
The apex level court in the country
It is presided by the Chief Justice of India
All decisions made by the Supreme court are binding on all other courts in India
HIGH COURT
It is at the highest level in the state ex. - Delhi High Cout or Bombay High Court
Decisions made by the High court are binding on all lower level courts (District
courts)
DISTRICT COURT
They are present at the tehsil levels or in the towns
It is presided over by a district judge
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