Evaporation take place only at the surface give reason
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Evaporation is a type of vaporization that occurs on the surface of a liquid as it changes into the gas phase. The surrounding gas must not be saturated with the evaporating substance. ... On average, only a fraction of the molecules in a liquid have enough heat energy to escape from the liquid.
Explanation:
So, in a liquid all the molecules are moving around in random directions and they smash into each other, the sides of the container, and if they are close to the surface they instead of hitting a wall they can leave the liquid phase. This is assuming that they have enough kinetic energy to leave.
So, why do only molecules at the surface evaporate? Location, Location, Location. Molecules at the bottom of a cup of water can’t escape since they have to fight their way all the way to the top before they can leave, and then they are no longer at the bottom so they are at the top. So, they can then leave. Molecules at the top with enough energy moving in the correct direction (up and out of the the container), can leave since they are not running into each other or hitting the sides of the wall.
Keep in mind that some of the energy needed will be to over come inter molecular forces between molecules, as well as overcoming the pressure the air exerts on the top of the water.
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